Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33788070›Full record

ArticleJournal of behavioral medicine2021

Forgoing antiretroviral therapy to evade stigma among people living with HIV, Cape Town, South Africa.

Seth Kalichman, Catherine Mathews, Renee El-Krab, Ellen Banas, Moira Kalichman

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of behavioral medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07221201 (Reducing the Intersecting Stigmas of HIV, Violence Victimization, and Mental Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07221201 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Reducing the Intersecting Stigmas of HIV, Violence Victimization, and Mental Health: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Integrating Project YES! Youth Engaging for Success With WHO-Endorsed Mental Health Approaches Among Youth Living With HIV in Ndola, Zambia

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthRan2025 to 2026Enrolled323ConditionsHIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Mental Health, Anxiety, Depression in AdolescenceArmsProject YES+ intervention arm
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
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  9. Article
  10. The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on the HIV-Related Stigma of People Living With HIV in Turkey.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Seth KalichmanInstitute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. seth.k@uconn.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0912-5112
Catherine MathewsHealth Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Renee El-KrabInstitute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Ellen BanasInstitute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Moira KalichmanInstitute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.

Funding

Intervention to Improve HIV Care Retention and Antiretroviral Adherence inStigmatized EnvironmentsR01MH119913 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI KALICHMAN, SETH C · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Enhanced STI/HIV Partner Notification in South AfricaR01HD074560 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI KALICHMAN, SETH C · 2013 to 2017
$2.8M
NICHD NIH HHS R01HD074560NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119913
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stigma impedes HIV treatment in multiple ways, including diminished engagement in care, refusing ART, and concealing ART to evade stigma. This study disentangled the degree to which intentionally not taking ART to evade stigma influences overall non-adherence to ART. Patients receiving ART at a community clinic in Cape Town, South Africa (N = 288) completed confidential surveys of demographic and health characteristics, stigma-avoidance non-adherence, and non-stigma-related predictors of non-adherence. Results found nearly half of participants (48%) had forgone taking their ART in social settings. Hierarchically structured regression models showed that alcohol use, medication concerns, and internalized HIV stigma significantly predicted ART non-adherence, accounting for 9.9% of the variance. Stigma-avoidance non-adherence explained an additional 2.6% of the variance in ART non-adherence. The current findings extend previous research to show that stigma-avoidance independently contributes to ART non-adherence, including over and above depression and alcohol use.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsMedication AdherenceAlcohol DrinkingHumansSocial StigmaSouth AfricaHIV stigmaHIV treatmentIntentional non-adherenceMedication adherence

Identifiers

PMID33788070

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.