ReviewInsights into imaging2021
Microbleeds show a characteristic distribution in cerebral fat embolism.
Review in Insights into imaging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nontrauma-Associated Cerebral Fat Embolism Syndrome in Sickle Cell-Related Hemoglobinopathies: A Case Series and Systematic Review.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebral fat embolism syndrome in sickle cell disease: a case highlighting the predominance of susceptibility-weighted imaging findings and literature review.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Striking corpus callosum lesions in immediate cerebral fat embolism: A rare clinical case.Trauma case reports · 2026Article
- Parvovirus B19-associated fat embolism syndrome in sickle cell disease: A report of two cases.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Neurologically predominant fat embolism syndrome in an octogenarian with dementia: diagnostic challenges and prolonged recovery.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- From microbleeds to axonal damage: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in radiology · 2026Review
- Cerebral fat embolism presenting as paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.Trauma case reports · 2025Article
- Fat in the brain: Facts and features.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Review
- A case of fatal fulminant fat embolism syndrome saved by VA-ECMO in the acute phase of multiple trauma.Trauma case reports · 2024Article
- Cerebral fat emboli in a patient with paraplegia caused by bilateral femur fractures.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Fat embolism: the hidden murder for trauma patients!Revista do Colegio Brasileiro de Cirurgioes · 2024Review
- Article
- Do you know the diagnostic importance of susceptibility-weighted imaging on MRI for patients with cerebral fat embolism?Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Fat emboli and critical illness-associated cerebral microbleeds (CICMs) in a patient with sickle cell disease: Do these 2 entities coexist?Radiology case reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Intraosseous fluid resuscitation causes systemic fat emboli in a porcine hemorrhagic shock model.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review aims to test the hypothesis that microbleeds detected by MRI are common and show a characteristic pattern in cerebral fat embolism (CFE). Eighty-four papers involving 140 CFE patients were eligible for this review based on a systematic literature search up to 31 January 2020. An additional case was added from hospital records. Patient data were individually scrutinised to extract epidemiological, clinical and imaging variables. Characteristic CFE microbleed pattern resembling a "walnut kernel" was defined as punctuate hypointensities of monotonous size, diffusely located in the subcortical white matter, the internal capsule and the corpus callosum, with mostly spared corona radiata and non-subcortical centrum semiovale, detected by susceptibility- or T2* weighted imaging. The presence rate of this pattern and other, previously described MRI markers of CFE such as the starfield pattern and further diffusion abnormalities were recorded and statistically compared. The presence rate of microbleeds of any pattern, the "walnut kernel microbleed pattern", diffusion abnormality of any pattern, the starfield pattern, and cytotoxic edema in the corpus callosum was found to be 98.11%, 89.74%, 97.64%, 68.5%, and 77.27% respectively. The presence rate between the walnut kernel and the starfield pattern was significantly (p < 0.05) different. Microbleeds are common and mostly occur in a characteristic pattern resembling a "walnut kernel" in the CFE MRI literature. Microbleeds of this pattern in SWI or T2* MRI, along with the starfield pattern in diffusion imaging appear to be the most important imaging markers of CFE and may aid the diagnosis in clinically equivocal cases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.