SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2021
Obstetric risk factors for anorectal dysfunction after delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of fecal incontinence after childbirth in Turkey: systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Visual Biofeedback (VB) through Trans-Perineal Ultrasound (TPU) during the active second stage of labor to improve maternal childbirth satisfaction: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Self-reported pelvic floor dysfunction 12 months after an obstetric anal sphincter injury in relation to maternal body mass index.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Associations between five anthropometric indices and fecal incontinence: A cross-sectional study based on the 2005 to 2010 NHANES data.Medicine · 2026Article
- Benign anorectal conditions in a rural referral Sudanese hospital: a four-year retrospective review of patients' characteristics in a low-resource setting.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Anal Incontinence 9-12 Months Postpartum in Primipara with Vacuum-Assisted Deliveries.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- The Japan Society of Coloproctology Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence 2024 (Revised Second Edition).Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2026Review
- What delivery-related factors affect postpartum recovery? A systematic review.AJOG global reports · 2025Review
- Differences in Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Diastasis Recti Abdominis Between Primiparous and Age-Matched second-Parous Females After Vaginal Delivery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- A Gender Perspective on Coloproctological Diseases: A Narrative Review on Female Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- How to Avoid Becoming a Risk Factor of Fecal Incontinence Due to OASIS-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Association of Constipation with Modes of Delivery: A Retrospective Questionnaire-based Study.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anal Incontinence at Six Weeks after Vaginal Delivery: A Cross-sectional Study at Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2024Article
- Complications 8 weeks after an obstetric second-degree perineal laceration in relation to body mass index.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Evaluating the risk factors for the development of benign disorders of defaecation: a surgical perspective.Techniques in coloproctology · 2023Article
- Association of delivery mode and number of pregnancies with anorectal manometry data in patients with postpartum constipation.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- When does oasis cause de novo pelvic floor dysfunction? role of the surgeon's skills.International urogynecology journal · 2023Observational
- Body mass index and complications after obstetric anal sphincter injury, 8 weeks postpartum.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Risk factors for opioid-induced constipation in cancer patients: a single-institution, retrospective analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: New Evidence and Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisPregnancy and childbirth are considered risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction, including anorectal dysfunction. We aimed to assess the effect of obstetric events on anal incontinence and constipation after delivery.
methodsWe systematically reviewed the literature by searching MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL. We included studies in women after childbirth examining the association between obstetric events and anorectal dysfunction assessed through validated questionnaires. We selected eligible studies and clustered the data according to the type of dysfunction, obstetric event and interval from delivery. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and we performed a random-effects meta-analysis and reported the results as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using I
resultsAnal sphincter injury (OR: 2.44 [1.92-3.09]) and operative delivery were risk factors for anal incontinence (forceps-OR :1.35 [1.12-1.63]; vacuum-OR: 1.17 [1.04-1.31]). Spontaneous vaginal delivery increased the risk of anal incontinence compared with caesarean section (OR: 1.27 [1.07-1.50]). Maternal obesity (OR:1.48 [1.28-1.72]) and advanced maternal age (OR: 1.56 [1.30-1.88]) were risk factors for anal incontinence. The evidence on incontinence is of low certainty owing to the observational nature of the studies. No evidence was retrieved regarding constipation after delivery because of a lack of standardised validated assessment tools.
conclusionsBesides anal sphincter injury, forceps delivery, maternal obesity and advanced age were associated with higher odds of anal incontinence, whereas caesarean section is protective. We could not identify obstetric risk factors for postpartum constipation, as few prospective studies addressed this question and none used a standardised validated questionnaire.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.