ReviewBundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz2021
[Measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions].
Review in Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increase in Healthcare-Associated Infections: Is COVID-19 Responsible? A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The changing landscape of nontyphoidal salmonellosis: epidemiological patterns, imported cases and serovar distribution in Germany from 2012 to 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Respiratory symptom patterns in healthcare workers in Germany: a prospective study during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Article
- Increase in acute mastoiditis at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- [Subjective health in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic-a comparison of socio-demographic groups and pandemic-related risk factors].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact on the German asymptomatic screening strategy based on actual user data from SARS-CoV-2 test centers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prevalence of and factors associated with a treatment delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Europe.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Infection prevention and control between legal requirements and German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology expert assessments: a cross-sectional study in September-November 2022.The Journal of hospital infection · 2023Article
- Social differences in COVID-19 vaccination status - Results of the GEDA 2021 study.Journal of health monitoring · 2023Article
- Semi-automated contact tracing and management of contact precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic within a tertiary hospital.Infection prevention in practice · 2023Article
- [The development of mental health in oldest-old individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of social support].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Article
- COVID-19 management at one of the largest hospitals in Germany: Concept, evaluation and adaptation.Health services management research · 2023Article
- An examination and extension of the Peltzman effect during the Covid-19 pandemic.Current research in ecological and social psychology · 2023Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic in southwestern China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Iranian Health System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Perceived controllability of a SARS-CoV-2 infection: an investigation of intersectional differences.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic strongly impacted the circulation of respiratory pathogens in Southern China.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Non-utilisation of health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the CoMoLo study.Journal of health monitoring · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When the emerging novel SARS-CoV‑2 virus first appeared in December 2019, neither specific therapeutic options nor vaccinations were available. The role of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) became of central importance. At the Robert Koch Institute, a multilayer strategy consisting of population-based and individual preventive measures to control the pandemic was developed, which built upon existing influenza pandemic plans as well as generic plans. This paper explains the recommended NPIs and illustrates the pharmaceutical approaches developed in parallel.Among others, general contact bans, providing material for infection prevention and control, ban of events, closing educational institutions, and restricting travel are counted among population-based measures. Additional individual preventive measures are necessary, e.g., keeping a minimum distance, reducing contacts, and wearing a mouth-nose covering as well as quarantine and isolation. Measures within the health system are based on recommendations of the Commission on Hospital Hygiene and Infection Protection (Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO)) and specified and implemented by professional societies. Since November 2020, an antiviral therapy with remdesivir and treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone have been available as pharmaceutical interventions. Monoclonal antibodies are at this time not approved. Therapeutic anticoagulation is recommended.Recommendations are constantly adapted to the increasing knowledge on the pathogen and its means of transmission. A challenge is to strengthen the trust of the population. Many measures have to be applied on an individual basis in order to work together.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.