ArticleChemical reviews2021
Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots.
Article in Chemical reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 227 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed.
- Magnetic nanorobots in oncology: From targeted drug delivery to smart theranostic systems.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Magnetically Guided Macrophage Immunobots Coordinate Iron-Metabolic Cascades and Immunogenic Ferroptosis for Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Micro/Nanorobots (MNRs) at the Intersection of Mechanobiology and Artificial Intelligence: An Emerging Frontier for Precision Nanomedicine.ACS nano medicine · 2026Review
- Magnetically actuated microrobots in urolithiasis: emerging frontiers in kidney stone diagnosis and management.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- A Preclinical Multifunctional Capsule Robot with Unified Diagnosis and Targeted Thermal Therapy for Gastrointestinal Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Structural Evolution of Biomedical Microrobots: From Rigid to Soft to Rigid-Soft Integrated Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biodegradable Microrobots for Active Navigation and Delivery on Ex Vivo Cardiac Models.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Programming of Complex Magnetic Profiles Enforced by 4D Printed Magnetic LCE Actuators.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Magnetically actuated miniature bamboo-fiber robots for antibiotic removal from water.iScience · 2026Article
- Synergistic magneto-enzymatic propulsion enables multimodal nanomotor swarms.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sharp nanothorn-equipped ionogel microrobots for targeted periodontitis therapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Programmable Magnetic Soft Robots via Assembled Magnetization and Joint-Mediated Symmetry Breaking.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Hierarchically Engineered Magnetic-Enzymatic Microrobots with Stimuli-Induced Disassembly for Controlled Navigation and Mucosal Penetration in 3D Lung Fibrosis Models.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- On the Assembly of Actin Polymerization-Powered Motors.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Laser-Guided Self-Rolled Magnetic Microrobots for Targeted Biofilm Eradication in Severely Infected Medical Stents.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Anisotropy-Stabilized Propulsion and Cycloidal Cargo Transport in Driven Magnetic Platelets.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Physics-constrained learning framework for trustworthy microrobot navigation autonomy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Label-free microcargo delivery and controllable release in complex fluidic environments based on autonomous magnetic microswarm.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Multistage microrobots with pH-responsive release of platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles.Science advances · 2026Article
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active external actuation source based on the advantageous features of this actuation strategy such as remote and spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree of reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, and versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts and advantages of magnetic micro/nanorobots (termed here as "MagRobots") as well as basic knowledge of magnetic fields and magnetic materials, setups for magnetic manipulation, magnetic field configurations, and symmetry-breaking strategies for effective movement. These concepts are discussed to describe the interactions between micro/nanorobots and magnetic fields. Actuation mechanisms of flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion and traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) and surface walkers (i.e., surface-assisted motion), applications of magnetic fields in other propulsion approaches, and magnetic stimulation of micro/nanorobots beyond motion are provided followed by fabrication techniques for (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, and biohybrid MagRobots. Applications of MagRobots in targeted drug/gene delivery, cell manipulation, minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal for environmental remediation, and (bio)sensing are also reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of magnetically powered miniaturized motors are discussed.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.