Trial reportClinical oral investigations2021
Effect of propolis mouth rinse on oral microorganisms - a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Propolis-containing formulations in caries prevention - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical and microbiological effects of a propolis toothpaste in patients with periodontitis under supportive periodontal therapy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Control of Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation by Natural Ingredients-Based Mouthwash.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Natural Compounds in Oral Microbiota Modulation and Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Propolis as a Natural Remedy in Reducing Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Anti-bacterial Properties of Propolis: A Comprehensive Review.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Propolis mouthwashes efficacy in managing gingivitis and periodontitis: a systematic review of the latest findings.BDJ open · 2025Article
- Review
- Propolis in Dental Implantology: A Systematic Review of Its Effects and Benefits.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- Propolis Use in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Its Preventive and Therapeutic Applications.International dental journal · 2024Review
- Herbal medicines to prevent dental caries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Comparative evaluation of mouthwashes containing propolis and chlorhexidine for controlling inflammation resulting from plaque accumulation in patients with chronic gingivitis.Journal of advanced periodontology & implant dentistry · 2023Article
- Effect of Lemon Essential Oil Microemulsion on the Cariogenic Virulence Factor of Streptococcus mutans via the Glycolytic Pathway.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2022Article
- Obtaining a Reliable Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus by Standardizing Salivary Glucose Measurements.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Apitherapy and Periodontal Disease: Insights into In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Complex Extracts ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of prepared propolis mouth rinse with Chlorhexidine mouthwash on oral pathogens and also the plaque and gingival index scores. MATERIAL AND
methodsA triple-blind, concurrent parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 participants randomized to 4 mouth rinse study groups: (1) Hot Ethanolic Propolis extract; (2) Cold Ethanolic Propolis extract; (3) Chlorhexidine and (4) Distilled water. After a washout period of two weeks, oral prophylaxis and polishing was performed. Participants rinsed twice a day for 3 months. Saliva was collected at baseline, 5 min and 1 h for microbiological analysis. Plaque and Gingival index were recorded at baseline, 15 days, 1 month and 3 months. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.
resultsA decline in the concentration of S. mutans was observed in samples collected after the use of mouth rinse (p < 0.05). In comparison with baseline, L. acidophilus and S. mutans count decreased simultaneously when exposed to Hot Ethanolic mouthwash group (5.5 × 10
conclusionPropolis was found to be as efficient as Chlorhexidine in reducing plaque, gingivitis and dental caries pathogens. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Common microorganisms implicated in oral disease are S. mutans and L. acidophilus. There is great paucity of information on antimicrobial activity of propolis, against these microorganisms. Hence, the present study has been taken up to assess the effects of propolis on these oral pathogens.The effects of propolis on oral health have been proved which is obviously a new finding of significance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.