ReviewCritical care explorations2021
New Decade, Old Debate: Blocking the Cytokine Pathways in Infection-Induced Cytokine Cascade.
Review in Critical care explorations, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of IL6R blockade for the treatment of sepsis and sepsis-related death: A Mendelian randomisation study.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- [Specialty-specific knowledge as prerequisite for effective treatment of critically ill patients].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A review of gut failure as a cause and consequence of critical illness.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- The Role of Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) Axis in Sepsis-Induced Apoptosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Review
- Anti-cytokine Storm Activity of Fraxin, Quercetin, and their Combination on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Storm in Mice: Implications in COVID-19.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- CTLA-4 expression on CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cytokine Release Syndrome and Sepsis: Analogous Clinical Syndromes with Distinct Causes and Challenges in Management.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
- The safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab in older adult critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, cohort study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Effect of Celecoxib and Infliximab against Multiple Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis in Rats: A Comparative Study.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Roles of the gut microbiota in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2022Review
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients receiving interleukin-6 receptor antagonists and corticosteroid therapy: a preliminary report from a multinational registry.European journal of medical research · 2021Observational
- Cytokine Blockade in Coronavirus Disease 2019: Keeping an Open Mind.Critical care explorations · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesOur understanding of the immunopathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 is evolving; however, a "cytokine storm" has been implicated. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the value of anticytokine therapies to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019. This review summarizes the existing literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of anticytokine therapy to tackle the dysregulated immune response to infectious pathogens, discusses potential reasons for failure, applicability to coronavirus disease 2019, and future direction. DATA SOURCES: Medline, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and media reports. STUDY SELECTION: The studies were included by author consensus. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were selected for inclusion after reviewing each study by author consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS: "Cytokine storm" is a nonspecific term, encompassing systemic inflammatory response to infectious pathogens, autoimmune conditions, cancers, trauma, and various chemotherapies. Like bacterial sepsis, viral pathogens may fuel immunopathogenesis by inducing a dysregulated autoamplifying cytokine cascade, ultimately leading to organ injury. This narrative review discusses what we know of the immune milieu of coronavirus disease 2019 versus noncoronavirus disease 2019 sepsis and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome, summarizes the existing literature on cytokine inhibitors in patients with sepsis and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and discusses possible reasons for recurrent failure. In doing so, it aims to assist decisions regarding the use of anticytokine therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, as many regions of the world confront the second wave of the pandemic.
conclusionsAs ongoing clinical trials determine the efficacy and safety of anticytokine therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, clinicians should uphold caution when incorporating it into treatment protocols, while maintaining focus on established evidence-based practices and the mantra of "less is more."
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.