ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2021
Enhancing CAR-T cell efficacy in solid tumors by targeting the tumor microenvironment.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The synergistic immunotherapeutic impact of engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 blockade in lymphomas and solid tumors: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Supramolecular immunomodulatory hydrogelator potentiates CAR-T therapy with long-lasting endogenous immunity toward solid tumor eradication.Science advances · 2026Article
- Symmetric cancer spheroid-fibroblast organization revealed in 3D by high-throughput microscopy.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Enhancing CAR-T Cell Efficacy in Solid Tumors by Inhibiting CCL5/VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Immune Cell-Based Therapies for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Latest Advancements and Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- Efficacy analysis of CAR-T cells against CD123-positive malignant tumors and exploration of the feasibility of combination therapy with venetoclax.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Induces ISG15Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Alectinib boosts anti-tumor efficacy of disialoganglioside 2 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in ALK-mutated neuroblastoma by suppressing programmed death-ligand 1.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Application of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: current opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- The neuro-vascular-immune triad: the interactive network in the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- DR5 CAR-T cells target melanoma and suppress MDSCs with minimal toxicity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell therapies are coming after glioblastoma: An overview of early phase clinical trials and future perspectives.iScience · 2026Review
- Immunogenomic signatures defining the molecular subtypes of head and neck cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Decoding signaling architectures: CAR versus TCR dynamics in solid tumor immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Cell therapy in sarcoma: current landscape and future directions.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved successful outcomes against hematological malignancies and provided a new impetus for treating solid tumors. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells for solid tumors remains unsatisfactory. The tumor microenvironment has an important role in interfering with and inhibiting the effector function of immune cells, among which upregulated inhibitory checkpoint receptors, soluble suppressive cytokines, altered chemokine expression profiles, aberrant vasculature, complicated stromal composition, hypoxia and abnormal tumor metabolism are major immunosuppressive mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the inhibitory factors that affect the function of CAR-T cells in tumor microenvironment and discuss approaches to improve CAR-T cell efficacy for solid tumor treatment by targeting those barriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.