ArticlemBio2021
Multiple Viral microRNAs Regulate Interferon Release and Signaling Early during Infection with Epstein-Barr Virus.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic value of Epstein-Barr virus infection in Hodgkin lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Recent advances in Epstein-Barr virus vaccines development from mechanistic exploration to clinical translation.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Triple Latency as a Driver of Chronic Inflammation: An Integrative View of HSV, EBV, and CMV Persistence in Immunocompetent Hosts.Clinics and practice · 2026Review
- Relevance of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) miRNAs in EBV-Infected B Cells and B-Cell Lymphomas.Cancers · 2026Review
- Inhibition of type I interferon signaling is a conserved function of gamma-herpesvirus-encoded microRNAs.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Role of myeloid cells expressing CD169/Siglec-1 in host-pathogen interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases: Immune alterations and targeted approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins: membrane gatekeepers of fusion and infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus functional RNAs as part of its immune evasion strategy: a role for EBER1?Open biology · 2025Review
- Assessing the fitness of Epstein-Barr virus following its reactivation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Interferon and immunity: the role of microRNA in viral evasion strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Implications of EBV-Encoded and EBV-Related miRNAs in Tumors.Current gene therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- From virus to cancer: Epstein-Barr virus miRNA connection in Burkitt's lymphoma.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Research progress on miRNAs function in the interaction between human infectious viruses and hosts: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Review
- Clinical analysis of 163 pediatric patients with infectious mononucleosis: a single-center retrospective analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus, encodes 44 microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate many genes with various functions in EBV-infected cells. Multiple target genes of the EBV miRNAs have been identified, some of which play important roles in adaptive antiviral immune responses. Using EBV mutant derivatives, we identified additional roles of viral miRNAs in governing versatile type I interferon (IFN) responses upon infection of human primary mature B cells. We also found that Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and LF2, viral genes with previously reported functions in inducing or regulating IFN-I pathways, had negligible or even contrary effects on secreted IFN-α in our model. Data mining and Ago PAR-CLIP experiments uncovered more than a dozen previously uncharacterized, direct cellular targets of EBV miRNA associated with type I IFN pathways. We also identified indirect targets of EBV miRNAs in B cells, such as TRL7 and TLR9, in the prelatent phase of infection. The presence of epigenetically naive, non-CpG methylated viral DNA was essential to induce IFN-α secretion during EBV infection in a TLR9-dependent manner. In a newly established fusion assay, we verified that EBV virions enter a subset of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and determined that these infected pDCs are the primary producers of IFN-α in EBV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our findings document that many EBV-encoded miRNAs regulate type I IFN response in newly EBV infected primary human B cells in the prelatent phase of infection and dampen the acute release of IFN-α in pDCs upon their encounter with EBV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.