ArticleTravel medicine and infectious disease
Mobility and COVID-19 mortality across Scandinavia: A modeling study.
Article in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- US state-level containment policies not associated with food insecurity changes during the early COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel analysis.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Movement under state and non-state authorities during COVID-19: Evidence from Lebanon.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Evaluating the impact of mobility in COVID-19 incidence and mortality: A case study from four states of Mexico.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Spatial-temporal variations in community mobility during lockdown, unlock, and the second wave of COVID-19 in India: A data-based analysis using Google's community mobility reports.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2021Article
- The Impact of Mobility Restriction Strategies in the Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Modelling the Relation between COVID-19 Health and Community Mobility Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Distinct weather conditions and human mobility impacts on the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Colombia: Application of an artificial neural network approach.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn response to COVID-19, the Swedish government imposed few travel and mobility restrictions. This contrasted with its Scandinavian neighbours which implemented stringent restrictions. The influence these different approaches had on mobility, and thus on COVID-19 mortality was investigated.
methodsDatasets indicating restriction severity and community mobility were examined; Google's 'Community Movement Reports' (CMR) show activity at key location categories; the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker collates legislative restrictions into a 'Stringency Index' (SI).
resultsCMR mobility categories were negatively correlated with COVID-19 mortality. The strongest correlations were obtained by negatively time lagging mortality data, suggesting restrictions had a delayed influence. During the 'first wave' a model using SI (AIC 632.87) proved favorable to one using contemporaneous CMR data and SI (AIC 1193.84), or lagged CMR data and SI (AIC 642.35). Validation using 'second wave' data confirmed this; the model using SI solely again being optimal (RMSE: 0.2486 vs. 0.522 and 104.62). Cross-country differences were apparent in all models; Swedish data, independent of SI and CMR, proved significant throughout. There was a significant association for Sweden and the death number across models.
conclusionSI may provide a broader, more accurate, representation of changes in movement in response to COVID-19 restrictions.
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