ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2021
A Longitudinal Study of Psychiatric Disorders in Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder From Preschool to Adolescence.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of treating parental bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on their children's mental health and wellbeing: an empty systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Different Changes in Brain Functional Networks Following 12-Week Psychostimulant Treatment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Youth With and Without Familial Risk for Bipolar I Disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Psychostimulant treatment uniquely reduces left uncinate fasciculus microstructural integrity in ADHD youth with a familial risk for bipolar I disorder: a 12-week DTI study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Trial
- Psychiatric Morbidity Is Overrepresented in Young Girls at High Risk of Developing Anorexia Nervosa.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Familial Transmission of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder to Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders in a Swedish National Sample: Strongest Effects From Mothers to Daughters.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Effects of parental characteristics on the risk of psychopathology in offspring: a 4-year follow-up study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Communication with children about parental bipolar disorder: a qualitative interview study.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Polygenic Scores and Mood Disorder Onsets in the Context of Family History and Early Psychopathology.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Preschool Mood Disorders: A Review of the Literature from 2017 to 2024.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- ADHD symptom trajectories across childhood and early adolescence and risk for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Observational
- Exosomal microRNA signatures in youth at clinical high risk for bipolar disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Examining the association of familial and social stress, trauma, and support on mood, anxiety, and behavioral symptoms and diagnoses in youth at risk for bipolar disorder and controls.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- The perceived social support of parents having bipolar disorder impacts their children's mental health: a 10-year longitudinal study.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Different brain functional network abnormalities between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder youth with and without familial risk for bipolar disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sleep patterns among preschool offspring of parents with and without psychopathology: Association with the development of psychopathology in childhood.Bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Anxiety and Disruptive Behavior Symptoms and Disorders in Preschool-Age Offspring of Parents With and Without Bipolar Disorder: Associations With Parental Comorbidity.Journal of attention disorders · 2024Article
- Early indicators of bipolar risk in preschool offspring of parents with bipolar disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Article
- Family environment and polygenic risk in the bipolar high-risk context.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Functional Alterations in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Their Unaffected First-Degree Relatives: Insight from Genetic, Epidemiological, and Neuroimaging Data.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the prevalence of psychopathology, particularly bipolar disorder (BD), between preschool offspring of parents with BD and community controls.
methodA total of 116 offspring of BD-I/II parents and 98 controls (53 parents with non-BD psychopathology and 45 healthy parents) were recruited at ages 2 to 5 years and followed on average 9.6 years (on average: 2-5: 1.6 times; after age 5: 4 times) (average ages at intake/last follow-up: 3.8/13.4, retention: 98%). Participants were evaluated with standardized instruments blinded to parental diagnoses.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounders, offspring of BD parents only showed more attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during ages 2 to 5 years than the other 2 groups. After age 5, offspring of BD parents did not differ from offspring of parents with non-BD psychopathology, but they had more anxiety, ADHD, and behavior problems than offspring of healthy parents. Only offspring of BD parents developed BD-I/II: 3.4% (n = 4) and BD-not-otherwise-specified (BD-NOS): 11.2% (n = 13), with mean onset ages 11.4 and 7.4, respectively. About 70% of offspring with BD had non-BD disorders before BD. Only ADHD, diagnosed before age 6 years, and early-onset parental BD were significantly associated with BD risk.
conclusionMost offspring of BD parents did not develop BD, but they were at specific high risk for developing BD, particularly those with preschool ADHD and early-onset parental BD. BD symptoms were scarce during the preschool years and increased throughout the school age, mainly in the form of BD-NOS, a disorder that conveys poor prognosis and high risk to develop BD-I/II. Developing early interventions to delay or, ideally, to prevent its onset are warranted.
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