Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33785063›Full record

ArticleGenome medicine2021

Emergence and evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Koji Yahara, Kevin C Ma, Tatum D Mortimer, Ken Shimuta, Shu-Ichi Nakayama, Aki Hirabayashi, Masato Suzuki, Michio Jinnai, Hitomi Ohya, Toshiro Kuroki and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Gene exchange betweenMicrobial genomics · 2026
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  3. Clonal Expansion ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026
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  5. Article
  6. CommensalAnnual review of microbiology · 2025
    Review
  7. Variability of antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Neisseria species supports its use as a marker of excessive antimicrobial consumption - reflections from the results of a four-country study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Mini-Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Global Population ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
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  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Emergence and evolution of mosaicFrontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Dithiocarbamates effectively inhibit the α-carbonic anhydrase fromJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Koji YaharaAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. k-yahara@nih.go.jp.ORCID 0000-0003-4289-1115
Kevin C MaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Tatum D MortimerDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Ken ShimutaAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Shu-Ichi NakayamaDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Aki HirabayashiAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Masato SuzukiAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Michio JinnaiDepartment of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Hitomi OhyaDepartment of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Toshiro KurokiDepartment of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Yuko WatanabeDepartment of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Mitsuru YasudaCenter for Nutrition Support and Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
Takashi DeguchiDepartment of Urology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
Vegard EldholmDivision of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Odile B HarrisonDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Martin C J MaidenDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yonatan H GradDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Makoto OhnishiDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. ohnishi7@niid.go.jp.
National Institute of Infectious Diseases · JPHarvard University · USKanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health · JPUniversity of Oxford · GBAizawa Hospital · JPGifu University Hospital · JPNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOOkayama University of Science · JP

Funding

Acquisition, maintenance, and transmission of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeF32AI145157 · NIAID · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI MORTIMER, TATUM DANIELLE · 2019 to 2021
$200k
NIAID NIH HHS F32 AI145157
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health concern. Strains from two internationally circulating sequence types, ST-7363 and ST-1901, have acquired resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, mainly due to mosaic penA alleles. These two STs were first detected in Japan; however, the timeline, mechanism, and process of emergence and spread of these mosaic penA alleles to other countries remain unknown.

methodsWe studied the evolution of penA alleles by obtaining the complete genomes from three Japanese ST-1901 clinical isolates harboring mosaic penA allele 34 (penA-34) dating from 2005 and generating a phylogenetic representation of 1075 strains sampled from 35 countries. We also sequenced the genomes of 103 Japanese ST-7363 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from 1996 to 2005 and reconstructed a phylogeny including 88 previously sequenced genomes.

resultsBased on an estimate of the time-of-emergence of ST-1901 (harboring mosaic penA-34) and ST-7363 (harboring mosaic penA-10), and > 300 additional genome sequences of Japanese strains representing multiple STs isolated in 1996-2015, we suggest that penA-34 in ST-1901 was generated from penA-10 via recombination with another Neisseria species, followed by recombination with a gonococcal strain harboring wildtype penA-1. Following the acquisition of penA-10 in ST-7363, a dominant sub-lineage rapidly acquired fluoroquinolone resistance mutations at GyrA 95 and ParC 87-88, by independent mutations rather than horizontal gene transfer. Data in the literature suggest that the emergence of these resistance determinants may reflect selection from the standard treatment regimens in Japan at that time.

conclusionsOur findings highlight how antibiotic use and recombination across and within Neisseria species intersect in driving the emergence and spread of drug-resistant gonorrhea.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionAllelesBase SequenceDrug Resistance, BacterialFluoroquinolonesGenome, BacterialMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMutationNeisseria gonorrhoeaePhylogenyPolymorphism, GeneticFluoroquinolonesAntimicrobial resistanceEvolutionGenomic epidemiologyHorizontal gene transferNeisseria gonorrhoeaePhylogenyRecombinationSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID33785063
PMCPMC8008663
OpenAlexW3143009662

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.