Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33784497›Full record

ArticleCell stem cell2021

3D iPSC modeling of the retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillaris complex identifies factors involved in the pathology of macular degeneration.

Kannan V Manian, Chad A Galloway, Sonal Dalvi, Anthony A Emanuel, Jared A Mereness, Whitney Black, Lauren Winschel, Celia Soto, Yiming Li, Yuanhui Song and 9 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell stem cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. 3D epigenomic landscape of the human retinal pigment epithelium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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  5. Review
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  8. Dissecting endothelial cell heterogeneity with new tools.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kannan V ManianDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Chad A GallowayDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Sonal DalviDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Anthony A EmanuelDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Jared A MerenessDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
Whitney BlackDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Lauren WinschelDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Celia SotoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Yiming LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Yuanhui SongDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
William DeMariaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Akhilesh KumarWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
Igor SlukvinWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
Michael P SchwartzNSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
William L MurphyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
Bela Anand-ApteDepartment of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Mina ChungDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Danielle S W BenoitDepartment of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 USA; UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Ruchira SinghDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA. Electronic address: ruchira_singh@urmc.rochester.edu.
University of Rochester · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine · US

Funding

Training in Environment ToxicologyT32ES007026 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI Alison Elder, Marissa Sobolewski Terry · 1985 to 2026
$20.2M
RESOURCE/SERVICE CORE C - MOLECULAR INFORMATICS MODULEP30EY025585 · NEI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BELA ANAND-APTE · 2016 to 2026
$7.7M
Tissue Engineering Strategies to Revitalize Bone AllograftsR01AR064200 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI Danielle S. Benoit · 2013 to 2026
$4.0M
Regulation of Choroidal Neovascularization in Sorsby's Fundus DystrophyR01EY027083 · NEI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI ANAND-APTE, BELA · 2017 to 2024
$4.0M
Delineating the role of TIMP3 in macular degenerationR01EY028167 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI SINGH, RUCHIRA · 2017 to 2025
$3.8M
Role of Retinoic Acid in the Regulation of the Blood-Retinal Barrier.R01EY026181 · NEI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI ANAND-APTE, BELA · 2016 to 2020
$2.1M
RPE, aging and age-related macular degeneration: the role of oxidative stressR01EY027750 · NEI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BONILHA, VERA L · 2017 to 2021
$2.0M
Determining the role of CLN3 in the eyeR01EY030183 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI SINGH, RUCHIRA · 2019 to 2022
$2.0M
A Neurovascular Microphysiological SystemR01NS109427 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI MURPHY, WILLIAM L. · 2019 to 2023
$1.7M
hiPSC-derived tissue mimetics of the retina blood barrierR21EY030817 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI BENOIT, DANIELLE S., SINGH, RUCHIRA · 2020 to 2021
$417k
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY025585NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026181NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027083NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027750NEI NIH HHS R01 EY028167NEI NIH HHS R01 EY030183NEI NIH HHS R21 EY030817NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR064200NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007026NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS109427
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choriocapillaris (CC) complex in the eye is compromised in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related macular dystrophies (MDs), yet in vitro models of RPE-CC complex that enable investigation of AMD/MD pathophysiology are lacking. By incorporating iPSC-derived cells into a hydrogel-based extracellular matrix, we developed a 3D RPE-CC model that recapitulates key features of both healthy and AMD/MD eyes and provides modular control over RPE and CC layers. Using this 3D RPE-CC model, we demonstrated that both RPE- and mesenchyme-secreted factors are necessary for the formation of fenestrated CC-like vasculature. Our data show that choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and CC atrophy occur in the absence of endothelial cell dysfunction and are not necessarily secondary to drusen deposits underneath RPE cells, and CC atrophy and/or CNV can be initiated systemically by patient serum or locally by mutant RPE-secreted factors. Finally, we identify FGF2 and matrix metalloproteinases as potential therapeutic targets for AMD/MDs.

Indexed as

Choroid DiseasesInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMacular DegenerationChoroidHumansRetinal Pigment Epitheliumage-related macular degenerationchoriocapillarischoroidal neovascularizationhydrogelinduced pluripotent stem cellmacular dystrophyretinal pigment epitheliumSorsby's fundus dystrophytissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID33784497
PMCPMC8520418
OpenAlexW3148005524

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.