ArticlePloS one2021
Why women do not use contraceptives: Exploring the role of male out-migration.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The sexual and reproductive healthcare challenges when dealing with female migrants and refugees in low and middle-income countries (a qualitative evidence synthesis).BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of a life skills and reproductive health empowerment intervention for young newly married women in Rajasthan, India: a pre-post convergent mixed methods pilot study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Husband's migration status and contraceptive behaviors of women: evidence from Middle-Ganga Plain of India.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Women's ability to negotiate safer sex with partners by contraceptive status among a nationally representative sample of married women in Nigeria.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2023Article
- Unmet Need for Family Planning and Spousal Separation in Nepal: A Spatial and Multilevel Analysis.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on home delivery of contraceptives by community health workers in India: Time to (re) evaluate and innovate.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionContextual understanding of reasons for non-use of contraceptives is key to devising family planning (FP) strategies. This study aimed to understand the reasons for non-use of contraceptives among women in the context of male out-migration.
methodsFocus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in two high male out-migration districts in Bihar, namely Nawada and Gopalganj. Twenty-five FGDs were conducted with currently married women with migrant husbands, currently married men and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) during April-June 2019. Data were analysed by using a thematic approach through Atlas.ti-6.2.
resultsThe reasons for contraceptive non-use in areas with high male out-migration were complex, as this included barriers to contraceptive use unique to high-migration areas and reasons commonly found in other rural settings. Non-use of contraceptives among women with migrant husbands was mostly driven by lack of contraceptive preparedness before husband's arrival, inability to procure contraceptives due to inaccessibility to health facilities and stigma to procure when husband was away. Other migration environment related factors included low ASHA outreach, myths and side effects of contraceptives, community fertility norms and poor spousal communications around FP.
conclusionThe reasons for non-use of contraceptives are multifaceted, complex and interlinked. Exploration of these reasons in migration context suggest that FP programs in migration affected areas need to address a range of barriers to contraceptive use at multiple levels.
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