ArticleThe Milbank quarterly2021
Long COVID and Health Inequities: The Role of Primary Care.
Article in The Milbank quarterly, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of race, ethnicity, and pediatric long COVID and MIS-C: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of cardiovascular symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Psychosocial Aspects of the Lived Experience of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Pooled it
- Can evidence drive health equity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?Journal of public health policy · 2024Pooled it
- Health-Related Quality of Life of Adults With Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap in Long COVID care: identifying core competencies for primary care curriculum development and evaluation.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Long COVID-19 in Spain: A Phenomenological Exploration of Health, Support, and Systemic Challenges.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rehabilitation status and preference for medical choice behaviours of long COVID-19 in China: a national cross-sectional study and discrete choice experiment.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- The association between Post-COVID syndrome and self-stigma among the adult Israeli population during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Long COVID Disproportionately Reported by Disadvantaged Individuals: A National Survey of U.S. Working-Age Adults.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Healthcare gaps and inequities following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in Brazil's universal healthcare system: a patient-engaged survey of Long COVID healthcare needs, use and barriers.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Analysis of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Neuro Databank by geographic region and income status.Research square · 2025Article
- Limited Awareness of Long COVID Despite Common Experience of Symptoms Among African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Indigenous Adults in Arizona.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Enhancing Pediatric Long COVID Care Through Telementoring: Insights From an ECHO Program.Clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Impact of post-COVID-19 syndrome on quality of life and functionality in ethnically diverse and vulnerable populations in the Amazon.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Long COVID-19: A Concept Analysis.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Association between Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) and long-term COVID-19 symptoms: evidence from the 2022 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gaps in benefits, awareness, and comprehension that leave those with long COVID vulnerable.Chronic illness · 2025Article
- Living With Long COVID: Everyday Experiences, Health Information Barriers and Patients' Quality of Life.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Postacute Sequelae From SARS-CoV-2 at the University of Illinois Hospital and Clinics: An Examination of the Effects of Long COVID in an Underserved Population Utilizing Manual Extraction of Electronic Health Records.American journal of medicine open · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Policy Points An estimated 700,000 people in the United States have "long COVID," that is, symptoms of COVID-19 persisting beyond three weeks. COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae are strongly influenced by social determinants such as poverty and by structural inequalities such as racism and discrimination. Primary care providers are in a unique position to provide and coordinate care for vulnerable patients with long COVID. Policy measures should include strengthening primary care, optimizing data quality, and addressing the multiple nested domains of inequity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.