SynthesisHormones (Athens, Greece)2021
Intravenous rituximab therapy for active Graves' ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bayesian network analysis of drug treatment strategies for thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- How to manage thyroid eye disease: recent advances - a narrative review.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- Successful outcome of Rituximab treatment based on lymphocyte immunophenotyping in active Thyroid Eye Disease: a case report.Thyroid research · 2025Article
- Can chimeric antigen receptors - based therapy bring a gleam of hope for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and other autoimmune diseases?Medical review (2021) · 2025Article
- The Use of Biologics for Thyroid Eye Disease.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Graves disease: latest understanding of pathogenesis and treatment options.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- A Review of Novel Medical Treatments for Thyroid Eye Disease.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2024Review
- The changing landscape of thyroid eye disease: current clinical advances and future outlook.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Management of thyroid eye disease: a Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association.European thyroid journal · 2022Article
- Rituximab in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: latest updates and perspectives.Endocrine connections · 2022Review
- Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Article
- Current concepts regarding Graves' orbitopathy.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Future Projections in Thyroid Eye Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Review
- 2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Transcriptomic Profiles Support the Role of Checkpoint Pathways and B Cells in Pathogenesis.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe successful treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) remains a challenge, while the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) is at present controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the potential impact of intravenous RTX therapy in patients with GO.
methodsWe performed a search in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published before July 2020. The primary outcome was the change of clinical activity score (CAS), and secondary outcomes were the change of proptosis and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb). A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) for these outcomes by using fixed- or random-effect models.
resultsAnalysis of outcomes in 152 patients collected from 12 published articles was conducted. Compared to baseline value, CAS was significantly decreased at 1, 6, 12, and >12 months after RTX treatment. For proptosis, the results revealed no significant decrease at 1-3, 6, and ≥12 months. Moreover, the pooled analysis employed in this meta-analysis showed no significant difference of TRAb at 1 month, but significant declines were observed at 6 and ≥12 months.
conclusionOur results strongly suggest that intravenous RTX treatment has an acute and long-lasting beneficial effect on decreasing both CAS and TRAb. The study also indicates that the effect of RTX on proptosis is limited. There is evidently a need to investigate the mechanism behind RTX ineffectiveness on proptosis and explore other therapeutic regimens for the reduction of proptosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.