ArticleJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2021
Limits of Fat Quantification in the Presence of Iron Overload.
Article in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reproducibility of liver iron concentration measured by R2* method based on 1.5-T MRI: a meta-analysis.European radiology · 2025Pooled it
- Single-Breathhold 3D MR Elastography in the Liver, With Simultaneous R2* and PDFF Mapping.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Highly Reproducible, Vendor-Agnostic, Motion-Insensitive Liver PDFF Mapping at 0.55T, 1.5T, and 3T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of hepatic iron quantification by MRI between 1.5 and 3 T, using different methods and conversion formulas.European radiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of 0.55T MRI for Simultaneous R2* and Fat Fraction Quantification in the Presence of Hepatic Iron Overload and Steatosis Using Simulations and Phantoms.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Motion-Insensitive Flip Angle Modulated Liver Proton Density Fat-Fraction and R2* Mapping During Free-Breathing MRI in a Clinical Setting.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Observational
- Multi-Center, Multi-Vendor Validation of Simultaneous MRI-Based Proton Density Fat Fraction and R2* Mapping Using a Combined Proton Density Fat Fraction-R2* Phantom.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Article
- Impact of particle size onMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Advanced Imaging Techniques for Assessing Fat, Iron, and Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease.Gut and liver · 2025Review
- Iron overload in paediatric oncology: the role of radiology in diagnosing and monitoring secondary haemochromatosis.Polish journal of radiology · 2025Review
- Practical approach to quantitative liver and pancreas MRI in children.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
- Impact of hepatic steatosis on liver stiffness measurement by vibration-controlled transient elastography and its diagnostic performance for identifying liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Insights into imaging · 2024Article
- Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Liver Iron Overload: From Precise Quantification to Prognosis Assessment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Confidence maps for reliable estimation of proton density fat fraction andMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Simulation of a virtual liver iron overload model and RNMR in biomedicine · 2023Article
- Two-point Dixon and six-point Dixon magnetic resonance techniques in the detection, quantification and grading of hepatic steatosis.World journal of radiology · 2023Article
- Liver PDFF estimation using a multi-decoder water-fat separation neural network with a reduced number of echoes.European radiology · 2023Article
- Quantitative MRI of diffuse liver diseases: techniques and tissue-mimicking phantoms.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Intra-examination agreement between multi-echo gradient echo and confounder-corrected chemical shift-encoded MR sequences for R2* estimation as a biomarker of liver iron content in patients with a wide range of T2*/R2* and proton density fat fraction values.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2023Article
- Quantification of Liver Iron Overload with MRI: Review and Guidelines from the ESGAR and SAR.Radiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChemical shift encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI)-based tissue fat quantification is confounded by increased R2* signal decay rate caused by the presence of excess iron deposition. PURPOSE: To determine the upper limit of R2* above which it is no longer feasible to quantify proton density fat fraction (PDFF) reliably, using CSE-MRI. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, phantom experiments, and a prospective study in 26 patients with known or suspected liver iron overload. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Multiecho gradient echo at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT: CRLB calculations were used to develop an empirical relationship between the maximum R2* value above which PDFF estimation will achieve a desired number of effective signal averages. A single voxel multi-TR, multi-TE stimulated echo acquisition mode magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquisition was used as a reference standard to estimate PDFF. Reconstructed PDFF and R2* maps were analyzed by one analyst using multiple regions of interest drawn in all nine Couinaud segments. STATISTICAL TESTS: None.
resultsSimulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo measurements demonstrated unreliable PDFF estimates with increased R2*, with PDFF errors as large as 20% at an R2* of 1000 s DATA
conclusionWe successfully developed a theoretically-based empirical formula that may provide an easily calculable guideline to identify R2* values above which PDFF is not reliable in research and clinical applications using CSE-MRI to quantify PDFF in the presence of iron overload. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.