ArticleDevelopmental psychobiology2021
Startle to neutral, not negative stimuli: A neurophysiological correlate of behavioral inhibition in young children.
Article in Developmental psychobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood behavioral inhibition and overcontrol: Risk for psychiatric and peer outcomes.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Engagement and Disengagement: From the Basic Science of Emotion Regulation to an Anxiety Spectrum.Psychophysiology · 2025Review
- Childhood behavioral inhibition and overcontrol: Relationships with cognitive functioning, error monitoring, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Article
- Temperamental risk for anxiety: emerging work on the infant brain and later neurocognitive development.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2022Article
- Validation of the Italian Version of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) for Preschool Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A putative biomarker of anxiety risk, the startle response is typically enhanced by negative compared to neutral emotion modulation in adults, but remains understudied in children. To determine the extent to which neutral, negative, and positively valenced emotional conditions modulate startle response in early life, a child-friendly film paradigm was used to vary emotion across these conditions during startle induction in sixty-four 4- to 7-year-old children. Association of emotion-modulated startle with parent-reported anxiety symptom severity and child behavioral inhibition, a risk factor for anxiety problems, were assessed. Analyses revealed no difference in startle magnitude during negative compared to neutral film clips. By contrast, startle during both negative and neutral conditions was greater than startle during the positive condition. Larger startle magnitude during the neutral condition associated with higher levels of child behavioral inhibition (BI). These results are consistent with possible immaturity of startle response in young children, and suggest that startle amplitude in more emotionally ambiguous, neutral conditions could serve as an early biomarker for anxiety risk.
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