Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33782888›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2021

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among COVID-19 Survivors at 3-Month Follow-up After Hospital Discharge.

Lorenzo Tarsitani, Paolo Vassalini, Alexia Koukopoulos, Cristian Borrazzo, Federica Alessi, Chiara Di Nicolantonio, Riccardo Serra, Francesco Alessandri, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Claudio Maria Mastroianni and 1 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
20.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Predictors of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Long COVID: Systematic Review of Prevalence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  5. ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022
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17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lorenzo Tarsitani *Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy. lorenzo.tarsitani@uniroma1.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-966X
Paolo Vassalini *Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Alexia KoukopoulosDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Cristian BorrazzoDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Federica AlessiDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Chiara Di NicolantonioDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Riccardo SerraDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Francesco AlessandriIntensive Care Unit, Department of General and Specialist Surgery "Paride Stefanini", Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Giancarlo CeccarelliDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Claudio Maria MastroianniDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Gabriella d'EttorreDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Policlinico Umberto I · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe but treatable mental disorder that develops after a life-threatening traumatic event. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalisation is a potentially traumatic experience, especially in severe cases. Furthermore, the unprecedented context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, with daily media bombardment about COVID-19 mortality, may have amplified life-threatening perception also in patients with moderate infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of PTSD at 3-month follow-up in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection.

designIn this cohort follow-up study conducted in a large Italian academic COVID-19 hospital, 115 recruited survivors were contacted by telephone 3 months after discharge to home care. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 was administered. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse risk factors for the development of PTSD. KEY

resultsA total of 10.4% of the sample received a PCL-5-based diagnosis of PTSD. Other 8.6% of the sample received a diagnosis of subthreshold PTSD, which leads to significant levels of distress and impairment. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that previous psychiatric diagnosis (odds ratio (OR) = 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7-78.6, p < 0.001) and obesity (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.4-857.9, p = 0.03) were risk factors for developing PTSD. Chronic pulmonary diseases approached significance as a risk factor (OR = 6.03, 95% CI: 1.0-37.1, p = 0.053). Male sex was a protective factor (OR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.0-0.041, p = 0.007).

conclusionsPTSD and subthreshold PTSD rates in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 are worrying. Female sex and pre-existing mental disorders are established risk factors for PTSD, while the prospective association with obesity needs further investigation. Clinicians treating COVID-19 should consider screening for PTSD at follow-up assessments in patients discharged from the hospital.

Indexed as

COVID-19Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitalsHumansMalePatient DischargeProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2SurvivorsCOVID-19hospitalisationmental healthpost-traumatic stress disorderSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33782888
PMCPMC8007055
OpenAlexW3145761951

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.