ArticleScientific reports2021
In vitro skin culture media influence the viability and inflammatory response of primary macrophages.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances in immunocompetent human skin-on-chip models: Construction strategies and biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Advancing preclinical research with reconstructed in vitro skin models mimicking non-healing wounds.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Advances in Bioprinting to Model Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Skin-on-chip: Quo vadis?APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Microenvironmental conditions and serum availability alter primary human macrophage NF-κB inflammatory response and function.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Development of immunocompetent full thickness skin tissue constructs to model skin fibrosis for high-throughput drug screening.Biofabrication · 2024Article
- Transplanted artificial amnion membrane enhanced wound healing in third-degree burn injury diabetic mouse model.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Characterization of macrophages associated with human skin models exposed to UV radiation.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) are significant promotors of UVB- but not chemically induced non-melanoma skin cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Full Skin Equivalent Models for Simulation of Burn Wound Healing, Exploring Skin Regeneration and Cytokine Response.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Monocytes and T cells incorporated in full skin equivalents to study innate or adaptive immune reactions after burn injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Principles for optimization and validation of mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines against COVID-19 using 3D bioprinting.Nano today · 2022Article
- Effect of stimulation time on the expression of human macrophage polarization markers.PloS one · 2022Article
- Skin-on-a-Chip Technology for Testing Transdermal Drug Delivery-Starting Points and Recent Developments.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The replacement of animal models for investigation of inflammation and wound healing has been advancing by means of in vitro skin equivalents with increasing levels of complexity. However, the current in vitro skin models still have a limited pre-clinical relevance due to their lack of immune cells. So far, few steps have been made towards the incorporation of immune cells into in vitro skin and the requirements for immunocompetent co-cultures remain unexplored. To establish suitable conditions for incorporating macrophages into skin models, we evaluated the effects of different media on primary keratinocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. Skin maturation was affected by culture in macrophage medium, while macrophages showed reduced viability, altered cell morphology and decreased response to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli in skin differentiation media, both in 2D and 3D. The results indicate that immunocompetent skin models have specific, complex requirements for supporting an accurate detection of immune responses, which point at the identification of a suitable culture medium as a crucial pre-requisite for the development of physiologically relevant models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.