ArticleNature communications2021
Implications of the school-household network structure on SARS-CoV-2 transmission under school reopening strategies in England.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions as implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemicThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of school-based mitigation measures on the transmission of respiratory pathogens: the case of SARS-CoV-2.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The relative contribution of close-proximity contacts, shared classroom exposure and indoor air quality to respiratory virus transmission in schools.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The relative contribution of close-proximity contacts, shared classroom exposure and indoor air quality to respiratory virus transmission in schools.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- State-space modelling using wastewater virus and epidemiological data to estimate reported COVID-19 cases and the potential infection numbers.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Assessing COVID-19 transmission through school and family networks using population-level registry data from the Netherlands.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Estimating the risk and spatial spread of measles in populations with high MMR uptake: Using school-household networks to understand the 2013 to 2014 outbreak in the Netherlands.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK: a rapid mapping review and interactive evidence gap map.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Review
- A dashboard for the evaluation of the effect of school closures on wellbeing of children and parents.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Evaluating the impact of test-trace-isolate for COVID-19 management and alternative strategies.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Reducing societal impacts of SARS-CoV-2 interventions through subnational implementation.eLife · 2023Article
- An assessment of the vaccination of school-aged children in England against SARS-CoV-2.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Assessing the impact of lateral flow testing strategies on within-school SARS-CoV-2 transmission and absences: A modelling study.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Schools opening and Covid-19 diffusion: Evidence from geolocalized microdata.European economic review · 2022Article
- Investigating the transmission risk of infectious disease outbreaks through the Aotearoa Co-incidence Network (ACN): a population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Do the Benefits of School Closure Outweigh Its Costs?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Model-based evaluation of alternative reactive class closure strategies against COVID-19.Nature communications · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Propagation Model Based on Economic Development and Interventions.Wireless personal communications · 2022Article
- Estimating the impact of reopening schools on the reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 in England, using weekly contact survey data.BMC medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In early 2020 many countries closed schools to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Since then, governments have sought to relax the closures, engendering a need to understand associated risks. Using address records, we construct a network of schools in England connected through pupils who share households. We evaluate the risk of transmission between schools under different reopening scenarios. We show that whilst reopening select year-groups causes low risk of large-scale transmission, reopening secondary schools could result in outbreaks affecting up to 2.5 million households if unmitigated, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring and within-school infection control to avoid further school closures or other restrictions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.