Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33782092›Full record

Trial reportBMJ quality & safety2022

Effectiveness of a medication adherence management intervention in a community pharmacy setting: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Andrea Torres-Robles, Shalom I Benrimoj, Miguel Angel Gastelurrutia, Fernando Martinez-Martinez, Tamara Peiro, Beatriz Perez-Escamilla, Kris Rogers, Isabel Valverde-Merino, Raquel Varas-Doval, Victoria Garcia-Cardenas

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ quality & safety, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Impact of Interventions on Medication Adherence in Patients With Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Integrated Cardio-oncology Service.Cardiac failure review · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Andrea Torres-RoblesGraduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Shalom I BenrimojPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada Facultad de Farmacia, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
Miguel Angel GastelurrutiaPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada Facultad de Farmacia, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
Fernando Martinez-MartinezPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada Facultad de Farmacia, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
Tamara PeiroGeneral Pharmaceutical Council of Spain, Madrid, Spain.
Beatriz Perez-EscamillaPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada Facultad de Farmacia, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
Kris RogersGraduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Isabel Valverde-MerinoPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada Facultad de Farmacia, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
Raquel Varas-DovalGeneral Pharmaceutical Council of Spain, Madrid, Spain.
Victoria Garcia-CardenasGraduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia victoria.garciacardenas@uts.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-3770-4557

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-adherence to medications continues to be a burden worldwide, with significant negative consequences. Community pharmacist interventions seem to be effective at improving medication adherence. However, more evidence is needed regarding their impact on disease-specific outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of a community pharmacist-led adherence management intervention on adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

methodsA 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in Spanish community pharmacies. Patients suffering from hypertension, asthma and COPD were recruited. Patients in the intervention group received a medication adherence management intervention and the control group received usual care. The intervention was based on theoretical frameworks for changing patient behaviour. Medication adherence, disease-specific outcomes (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores, Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) scores and blood pressure levels) and disease control were evaluated. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse the data.

resultsNinety-eight pharmacies and 1186 patients were recruited, with 1038 patients completing the study. Patients receiving the intervention had an OR of 5.12 (95% CI 3.20 to 8.20, p<0.05) of being adherent after the 6 months. At the end of the study, patients in the intervention group had lower diastolic blood pressure levels (mean difference (MD) -2.88, 95% CI -5.33 to -0.43, p=0.02), lower CCQ scores (MD -0.50, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.18, p<0.05) and lower ACQ scores (MD -0.28, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.00, p<0.05) when compared with the control group.

conclusionsA community pharmacist-led medication adherence intervention was effective at improving medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients suffering from hypertension, asthma and COPD. Future research should explore the implementation of these interventions in routine practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12618000410257.

Indexed as

AsthmaHypertensionPharmaciesPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveHumansMedication AdherencePharmacistschronic disease managementcompliancehealthcare quality improvementhealth services researchpharmacists

Identifiers

PMID33782092
PMCPMC8785059

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.