ArticleBMJ open2021
Factors affecting anaemia among women of reproductive age in Nepal: a multilevel and spatial analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Biscuit Formulations with Different Dates Substitutes in Treating Anemia among Female Workers in Makassar, Indonesia.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Trends and factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age in Mali: analysis of data from 2001 to 2018 Mali demographic and health surveys.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Factors associated with anemia among pregnant and lactating women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the targeted municipalities of five selected provinces in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of anemia among pregnant women in a hilly district of western Nepal: A hospital based cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anaemia in South Asian diaspora women residing in Hong Kong: An exploratory cross-sectional study.Journal of migration and health · 2025Article
- Knowledge and practices on anaemia among women of reproductive age in India.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among HIV-infected women in sub-saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of 18 countries.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Factors associated with anemia among reproductive age women in Nigeria; evidenced by the Nigeria malaria indicators survey: spatial and multilevel model analysis.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- A district-level geospatial analysis of anaemia prevalence among rural men in India, 2019-21.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Multilevel predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Ghana: New evidence from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in women of reproductive age across low- and middle-income countries based on national data.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- An unacceptably high burden of anaemia and it's predictors among young women (15-24 years) in low and middle income countries; set back to SDG progress.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of severity levels of anemia among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Anaemia among Pregnant Women Visiting Obstetric Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2023Article
- Article
- Maternal hemoglobin and risk of low birth weight: A hospital-based cross-sectional study in Nepal.Heliyon · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe main objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting anaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Nepal using spatial and multilevel epidemiological analysis.
designThis cross-sectional study analysed data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS software V.10.8 to identify the hot and cold spots of anaemia among WRA (15-49 years). Data were analysed using multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis.
settingNepal.
participantsA total of 6414 WRA were included in the analysis.
main outcome measureAnaemia defined by WHO as haemoglobin level less than 120 g/L in non-pregnant women and less than 110 g/L in pregnant women.
resultsThe spatial analysis showed that statistically significant hotspots of anaemia were in the southern Terai region (four districts in province 1, eight districts in province 2, one district in Bagmati province, two districts in province 5 and one district in Sudurpaschim province) of Nepal. At the individual level, women who underwent female sterilisation (adjusted OR, aOR: 3.61, 95% CI 1.10 to 11.84), with no education (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.39), and from middle socioeconomic class families (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.68) were more likely to be anaemic, whereas, older women (
conclusionWRA had higher odds of developing anaemia, and it varied by the geographical regions. Nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions can be tailored based on the factors identified in this study to curb the high burden of anaemia.
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