Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33781582›Full record

ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2021

Carbon Monoxide: from Poison to Clinical Trials.

Rosalba Siracusa, Alexa Schaufler, Vittorio Calabrese, Patrick M Fuller, Leo E Otterbein

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Therapeutic Gases in Biomedicine: Updates on Nitric Oxide and Beyond.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The role of gasotransmitters in Parkinson's disease: Interplay of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Hypoxia as a medicine.Science translational medicine · 2025
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and HPharmacology & therapeutics · 2023
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rosalba SiracusaDepartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 98166.
Alexa SchauflerDepartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Vittorio CalabreseDepartment of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Patrick M FullerDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Leo E OtterbeinDepartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Electronic address: lotterbe@bidmc.harvard.edu.

Funding

Molecular-Genetic Dissection of Subcortical Circuitry Regulating ArousalR01NS073613 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Patrick M Fuller · 2011 to 2026
$5.5M
Examining Carbon Monoxide to Treat Inflammatory Conditions using Experimental Colitis ModelsR01DK119202 · NIDDK · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI OTTERBEIN, LEO E, TAN, CHALET · 2019 to 2023
$3.6M
Brainstem regulation of sleepR01NS092652 · NINDS · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI FULLER, PATRICK M · 2015 to 2019
$2.2M
Dissection of a novel inhibitory hypothalamic arousal circuitR01NS103161 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI FULLER, PATRICK M · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
HBI-002 to Treat Delayed Graft Function in Kidney TransplantR44DK111260 · NIDDK · HILLHURST BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. · PI GOMPERTS, EDWARD, OTTERBEIN, LEO E · 2016 to 2017
$1.5M
Laboratory training and experience for an undergraduateR41HL150889 · NHLBI · HILLHURST BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. · PI GOMPERTS, EDWARD · 2020 to 2021
$322k
HBI-002 to Treat Ulcerative ColitisR41DK123933 · NIDDK · HILLHURST BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. · PI GOMPERTS, EDWARD, OTTERBEIN, LEO E · 2020 to 2021
$294k
HBI-002 to Treat Traumatic InjuryR43GM125430 · NIGMS · HILLHURST BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC. · PI GOMPERTS, EDWARD, OTTERBEIN, LEO E · 2018 to 2019
$225k
NHLBI NIH HHS R41 HL150889NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK119202NIDDK NIH HHS R41 DK123933NIDDK NIH HHS R44 DK111260NIGMS NIH HHS R43 GM125430NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS073613NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS092652NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS103161
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Every cell has a highly sophisticated system for regulating heme levels, which is particularly important with regard to turnover. Heme degradation generates CO and while CO has long been viewed as a metabolic waste product, and at higher concentrations cellularly lethal, we now know that CO is an indispensable gasotransmitter that participates in fundamental physiological processes necessary for survival. Irrefutable preclinical data have resulted in concerted efforts to develop CO as a safe and effective therapeutic agent, but against this notion lies dogma that CO is a poison, especially to the brain. The emergence of this debate is discussed here highlighting the neuroprotective properties of CO through its role on the central circadian clock and ongoing strategies being developed for CO administration for clinical use.

Indexed as

Circadian ClocksGasotransmittersPoisonsCarbon MonoxideHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Carbon MonoxideGasotransmittersHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Poisonscircadian rhythmclockgasotransmittershemeneuroprotectionsleep/wake

Identifiers

PMID33781582
PMCPMC8134950

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.