Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33781346›Full record

ArticleAdvances in simulation (London, England)2021

Debrief it all: a tool for inclusion of Safety-II.

Suzanne K Bentley, Shannon McNamara, Michael Meguerdichian, Katie Walker, Mary Patterson, Komal Bajaj

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in simulation (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. PEAK-II Trach: A Multi-Institutional Quality Improvement/Simulation Study Assessing Pediatric Emergency Readiness.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Decisions, outcomes, and learning from what didn't go wrong.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Comparative analysis of routine clinical debriefings and incident reports: insights for patient safety and teamwork enhancement.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025
    Article
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  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Suzanne K BentleyDepartments of Emergency Medicine and Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. bentleys@nychhc.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-3133
Shannon McNamaraDepartment of Emergency Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Michael MeguerdichianSimulation Center of NYC Health + Hospitals, 1400 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
Katie WalkerSimulation Center of NYC Health + Hospitals, 1400 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
Mary PattersonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Komal BajajSimulation Center of NYC Health + Hospitals, 1400 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-3021
New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation · USNYU Langone Health · USUniversity of Florida · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Safety science in healthcare has historically focused primarily on reducing risk and minimizing harm by learning everything possible from when things go wrong (Safety-I). Safety-II encourages the study of all events, including the routine and mundane, not only bad outcomes. While debriefing and learning from positive events is not uncommon or new to simulation, many common debriefing strategies are more focused on Safety-I. The lack of inclusion of Safety-II misses out on the powerful analysis of everyday work.A debriefing tool highlighting Safety-II concepts was developed through expert consensus and piloting and is offered as a guide to encourage and facilitate inclusion of Safety-II analysis into debriefings. It allows for debriefing expansion from the focus on error analysis and "what went wrong" or "could have gone better" to now also capture valuable discussion of high yield Safety-II concepts such as capacities, adjustments, variation, and adaptation for successful operations in a complex system. Additionally, debriefing inclusive of Safety-II fosters increased debriefing overall by encouraging debriefing when "things go right", not historically what is most commonly debriefed.

Indexed as

DebriefingErrorPatient safetySafety-IISimulation

Identifiers

PMID33781346
PMCPMC8008597
OpenAlexW3151825606

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.