ArticleBMC public health2021
Socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic: an ecological study of Spain.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- OSH inspector ratio to strengthen decent workplace safety and health: a cross-regional trend analysis research.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Contextual impact of socio-economic inequalities on health: a case study of COVID-19 mortality among populations with and without diabetes in France.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic and Demographic Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Testing: Evidence From the State of Uttar Pradesh, India.Cureus · 2024Article
- Comparison of geographical and individual deprivation index to assess the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection and disease severity: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of health geographics · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic and Health Determinants of the Prevalence of COVID-19 in a Population of Children with Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Beyond the surface: accounting for confounders in understanding the link between collectivism and COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 cases and deaths in OECD countries.Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 mortality and deprivation: pandemic, syndemic, and endemic health inequalities.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Review
- Measuring the Impact of Future Outbreaks? A Secondary Analysis of Routinely Available Data in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effect of socioeconomic factors during the early COVID-19 pandemic: a spatial analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major challenge to health, economic and political systems around the world. Understanding the socioeconomic, demographic and health determinants affecting the pandemic is of interest to stakeholders. The purpose of this ecological study is to analyse the effect of the different socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants on the mortality rate and estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 first wave in the Spanish regions.
methodsFrom the available data of the 17 Spanish regions (Autonomous Communities), we have carried out an ecological study through multivariate linear regression using ordinary least squares. To do this, we conducted an analysis using two distinct dependent variables: the logarithm of mortality rate per 1,000,000 inhabitants and the estimated cumulative incidence. The study has 12 explanatory variables.
resultsAfter applying the backward stepwise multivariate analysis, we obtained a model with nine significant variables at different levels for mortality rate and a model with seven significant variables for estimated cumulative incidence. Among them, six variables are statistically significant and of the same sign in both models: "Nursing homes beds", "Proportion of care homes over 100 beds", "Log GDP per capita", "Aeroplane passengers", "Proportion of urban people", and the dummy variable "Island region".
conclusionsThe different socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of each region have a significant effect on the mortality rate and estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in territories where the measures initially adopted to control the pandemic have been identical.
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