Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33781242›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2021

Factors associated with problematic internet use among a large sample of Lebanese adolescents.

Joseph E Dib, Chadia Haddad, Hala Sacre, Marwan Akel, Pascale Salameh, Sahar Obeid, Souheil Hallit

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Joseph E DibDivision of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Chadia HaddadResearch and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
Hala SacreINSPECT-LB (National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology), Beirut, Lebanon.
Marwan AkelINSPECT-LB (National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology), Beirut, Lebanon.
Pascale Salameh *INSPECT-LB (National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology), Beirut, Lebanon.
Sahar Obeid *Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. saharobeid23@hotmail.com.
Souheil Hallit *INSPECT-LB (National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology), Beirut, Lebanon. souheilhallit@hotmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-6918-5689

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInternational literature clearly describes factors associated with problematic internet use, including substance dependence, online gambling, social impairment, and functional difficulties. Therefore, it was imperative to assess the extent to which young adolescents in Lebanese schools are affected by problematic internet use (PIU) and the factors associated with it. This large-scale Lebanese survey aims to evaluate the relationship between PIU, depression, and substance use, including alcohol consumption and nicotine use (cigarettes and waterpipe) among adolescents in Lebanese schools.

methodsThis cross-sectional study conducted between January and May 2019 assessed internet use through the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), with 'severe internet use' being the threshold for problematic internet use. It enrolled a total of 1810 adolescents aged 14 to 17 from 16 schools from all Lebanese Mohafazat.

resultsThe majority of the participants had an average internet use 74.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.72-0.76), 20.7% (95% CI: 0.18-0.22) had a frequent internet use, and 4.5% (95% CI: 0.03-0.05) had a severe internet use. Higher alcohol dependence (ß = 0.456, p < 0.001), higher depression (ß = 0.079, p = 0.001), and having separated parents vs. living together (ß = 0.136, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher IAT scores. Higher waterpipe dependence (ß = -0.218, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with lower IAT scores.

conclusionThis study, the first and largest of its kind in the Middle East, showed that some psychiatric disorders, such as depression and substance use (smoking and alcohol), are associated with more problematic internet use among Lebanese adolescents. These results could serve as the first step for policymakers towards implementing early awareness campaigns to look at this problem more in-depth and come up with efficient actions to avoid it.

Indexed as

AlcoholismBehavior, AddictiveAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesHumansInternetInternet UseMiddle EastSurveys and QuestionnairesAlcohol use disorderInternet addictionProblematic internet useSmoking

Identifiers

PMID33781242
PMCPMC8006342

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.