Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33780371›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021

Economic Burden of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia in Japan.

Shunya Ikeda, Masaru Mimura, Manabu Ikeda, Kenji Wada-Isoe, Mie Azuma, Sachie Inoue, Kiyoyuki Tomita

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Brexpiprazole's impacts on patients and caregivers in agitation in Alzheimer's dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Trial
  4. Japanese participant data from three gantenerumab trials in early Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Trial
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Time value of informal care of people with alzheimer's disease in Spain: a population-based analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Shunya IkedaDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
Masaru MimuraDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Manabu IkedaDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Kenji Wada-IsoeDepartment of Dementia Research, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
Mie AzumaEisai Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.
Sachie InoueCrecon Medical Assessment Inc. Tokyo, Japan.
Kiyoyuki TomitaEisai Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.
Eisai (Japan) · JPInternational University of Health and Welfare · JPKawasaki Medical School · JPKeio University · JPOsaka University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is the leading cause of long-term care in Japan.

objectiveThis study estimates the annual healthcare and long-term care costs in fiscal year 2018 for adults over 65 years of age with ADD in Japan and the informal care costs and productivity loss for their families.

methodsHealthcare and long-term care costs for ADD were estimated according to the disease severity classified by the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score, using reports from a literature review. For the costs of time spent on caregiving activities, productivity loss for ADD family caregivers aged 20-69 and informal care costs for all ADD family caregivers were estimated.

resultsThe total healthcare cost of ADD was JPY 1,073 billion, of which 86% (JPY 923 billion) was attributed to healthcare costs other than ADD drug costs (JPY 151 billion). The healthcare costs other than ADD drug costs by severity were less than JPY 200 billion for CDR 0.5, CDR 1, and CDR 2, respectively, but increased to JPY 447 billion (48%) for CDR 3. The public long-term care costs were estimated to be JPY 4,783 billion, which increased according to the severity. Total productivity loss for ADD family caregivers aged 20-69 was JPY 1,547 billion and the informal care cost for all ADD family caregivers was JPY 6,772 billion.

conclusionADD costs have a significant impact on public-funded healthcare, long-term care systems, and families in Japan. To minimize the economic burden of ADD, prolonging healthy life expectancy is the key factor to address.

Indexed as

Health Care CostsAgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseCaregiversFemaleHumansJapanLong-Term CareMaleAlzheimer’s disease dementiaburden of illnessclinical dementia ratinghealthcare costlong-term care costproductivity cost

Identifiers

PMID33780371
PMCPMC8203238
OpenAlexW3137114173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.