ArticleIndoor air2021
Investigation of bacterial and fungal communities in indoor and outdoor air of elementary school classrooms by 16S rRNA gene and ITS region sequencing.
Article in Indoor air, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Indoor Microbiome: Sampling, Analysis and Emerging Trends.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Global Meta-analysis of Airborne Bacterial Communities and Associations with Anthropogenic Activities.Environmental science & technology · 2022Pooled it
- Characterization of Airborne Fungal Diversity in Nunavik Housing Using Activated Air Sampling.ACS ES&T air · 2026Article
- Human Contact Frequency as a Dominant Ecological Driver of Fungal Community Assembly and Homogenization in Public Built Environments.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Bacterial resistance across habitats: from German schools to the International Space Station.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A Sustainable Combined Approach to Control the Microbial Bioburden in the School Environment.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Associations Between Indoor Fungal Community Structures and Environmental Factors: Insights from the Evidence-Driven Indoor Air-Quality Improvement Study.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Critical insights on fungal contamination in schools: a comprehensive review of assessment methods.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Environmental factors and particle size shape the community structure of airborne total and pathogenic bacteria in a university campus.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Airborne bacteria in institutional and commercial buildings in Korea: characterization with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and association with environmental conditions.Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research · 2024Article
- Differences of airborne and mural microorganisms in a 1,500-year-old Xu Xianxiu's Tomb, Taiyuan, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Upper Respiratory Microbiome in Pregnant Women: Characterization and Influence of Parity.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Article
- An Assessment of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi in the Female Dormitory Environment: Level, Impact Factors and Dose Rate.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Bacterial and fungal communities in indoor aerosols from two Kuwaiti hospitals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods allowed researchers to fully characterize microbial community in environmental samples, which is crucial to better understand their health effects upon exposures. In our study, we investigated bacterial and fungal community in indoor and outdoor air of nine classrooms in three elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. The extracted bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS regions were sequenced, and their taxa were identified. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for total bacteria DNA was also performed. The bacterial community was richer in outdoor air than classroom air, whereas fungal diversity was similar indoors and outdoors. Bacteria such as Enhydrobacter, Micrococcus, and Staphylococcus that are generally found in human skin, mucous membrane, and intestine were found in great abundance. For fungi, Cladosporium, Clitocybe, and Daedaleopsis were the most abundant genera in classroom air and mostly related to outdoor plants. Bacterial community composition in classroom air was similar among all classrooms but differed from that in outdoor air. However, indoor and outdoor fungal community compositions were similar for the same school but different among schools. Our study indicated the main source of airborne bacteria in classrooms was likely human occupants; however, classroom airborne fungi most likely originated from outdoors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.