Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33778921›Full record

ArticleThe patient2021

Communicating Test Results from a General Health Check: Preferences from a Discrete Choice Experiment Survey.

Åsa Grauman, Mats Hansson, Stefan James, Brett Hauber, Jorien Veldwijk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The patient, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Communicating blood test results in primary care: a mixed-methods systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Åsa GraumanCentre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden. asa.grauman@crb.uu.se.ORCID 0000-0002-7293-3411
Mats HanssonCentre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
Stefan JamesDepartment of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-4413-9736
Brett HauberPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3129-7268
Jorien VeldwijkErasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4822-5068

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth checks can detect risk factors and initiate prevention of cardiovascular diseases but there is no consensus on how to communicate the results. The aim of this study was to investigate the preferences of the general population for communicating health check results.

methodsA randomly selected sample of the Swedish population aged 40-70 years completed a discrete choice experiment survey that included questions on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health and 15 choice questions consisting of six attributes (written results, notification method, consultation time, waiting time, lifestyle recommendation and cost). Data were analyzed with a latent class analysis (LCA). Relative importance of the attributes and predicted uptake for several scenarios were estimated.

resultsIn the analysis, 432 individuals were included (response rate 29.6%). A three-class LCA model best fit the data. Cost was the most important attribute in all classes. Preferences heterogeneity was found for the other attributes; in Class 1, receiving consultation time and the written results were important, respondents in Class 2 dominated on costs and respondents in Class 3 found consultation time, waiting time and lifestyle recommendations to be important. Health literate respondents were more likely to belong to Class 3. The predicted uptake rates ranged from 7 to 88% for different health checks with large differences across the classes.

conclusionCost was most important when deciding whether to participate in a health check. Although cost was the most important factor, it is not sufficient to offer health checks free-of-charge if other requirements regarding how the test results are communicated are not in place; participants need to be able to understand their results.

Indexed as

Choice BehaviorPatient PreferenceAdultAgedHumansLatent Class AnalysisLife StyleMiddle AgedSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID33778921
PMCPMC8357669

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.