ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2020
Parental preconception and prenatal urinary bisphenol A and paraben concentrations and child behavior.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of urinary bisphenol A and its emerging substitutes with subfecundity in preconception couples: a prospective nested case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Associations of Exposure to Parabens During Pregnancy with Behavior in Early Childhood.Toxics · 2026Article
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Paternal and maternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary concentrations of parabens in relation to child behavior.Andrology · 2025Article
- Multifaceted paternal exposures before conception and their epigenetic impact on offspring.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
- Effect of bisphenol A on the neurological system: a review update.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that prenatal urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations are associated with childhood behavior problems, but there is limited research on prenatal paraben concentrations. In rodent offspring, preconception maternal BPA exposure caused behavioral problems and paraben exposure impacted sperm quality. However, the effects of parental preconception and prenatal BPA and paraben exposure on children's neurodevelopment are unknown.
methodsThe Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study is a prospective cohort of couples from a fertility clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) quantified BPA, butylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben concentrations in multiple urine samples collected before conception and during pregnancy. From the eligible parents (N = 220), we enrolled 158 children between 2 and 9 years of age. The parents completed the Behavior-Assessment-System-for-Children-2 (BASC-2). We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of average parental preconception and prenatal ln-transformed urinary BPA and sum of paraben concentrations (∑paraben) with BASC-2 scores using linear regression with generalized estimating equations.
resultsMedian urinary BPA and Σparaben concentrations were 1.2 and 189 μg/L in mothers preconception and 1.7 and 25 μg/L in fathers preconception, respectively. Among all children, parental BPA and ∑paraben concentrations were not associated with BASC-2 behavioral symptoms index, internalizing, or externalizing problems scores. Point estimates ranged from -1.5 to 1.4 with wide 95% confidence intervals that included the null value.
conclusionIn this fertility clinic cohort, parental preconception and maternal prenatal BPA and paraben concentrations were not associated with problem behaviors among children. However, our small sample sizes reduced the precision of our results.
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