Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33778213›Full record

ReviewJACC. Basic to translational science2021

Genetic Risk Stratification: A Paradigm Shift in Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease.

Robert Roberts, Chih Chao Chang, Trevor Hadley

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in JACC. Basic to translational science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05515653 (Impact of the Genetic Background as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Brazilian Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05515653 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Impact of the Genetic Background as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Brazilian Population

TypeobservationalSponsorHospital Alemão Oswaldo CruzRan2022 to 2024Enrolled3,974ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Acute MI, Stroke, Peripheral Arterial DiseaseArmsExposure to genetics (polygenic)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. An updated analysis on the association ofThe Journal of international medical research · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Association ofGenetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. ANRIL: A Long Noncoding RNA in Age-related Diseases.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Robert RobertsDepartment of Medicine, Dignity Health at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Chih Chao ChangDepartment of Medicine, Dignity Health at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Trevor HadleyBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Dignity Health · USBaylor College of Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pandemic disease that is highly preventable as shown by secondary prevention. Primary prevention is preferred knowing that 50% of the population can expect a cardiac event in their lifetime. Risk stratification for primary prevention using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology predicted 10-year risk based on conventional risk factors for CAD is less than optimal. Conventional risk factors such as hypertension, cholesterol, and age are age-dependent and not present until the sixth or seventh decade of life. The genetic risk score (GRS), which is estimated from the recently discovered genetic variants predisposed to CAD, offers a potential solution to this dilemma. The GRS, which is derived from genotyping the population with a microarray containing these genetic risk variants, has indicated that genetic risk stratification based on the GRS is superior to that of conventional risk factors in detecting those at high risk and who would benefit most from statin therapy. Studies performed in >1 million individuals confirmed genetic risk stratification is superior and primarily independent of conventional risk factors. Prospective clinical trials based on risk stratification for CAD using the GRS have shown lifestyle changes, physical activity, and statin therapy are associated with 40% to 50% reduction in cardiac events in the high genetic risk group (20%). Genetic risk stratification has the advantage of being innate to an individual's DNA, and because DNA does not change in a lifetime, it is independent of age. Genetic risk stratification is inexpensive and can be performed worldwide, providing risk analysis at any age and thus has the potential to revolutionize primary prevention.

Indexed as

ACC, American College of CardiologyAHA, American Heart AssociationANRIL, antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locustbp, base pairCAD, coronary artery diseasecardiovascular geneticscoronary artery diseasegenetic risk score for CADgenome-wide association studiesGRS, genetic risk scoreGWAS, genome-wide association studyLDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterolMR, Mendelian randomizationprevention of CADSNP, single nucleotide polymorphism

Identifiers

PMID33778213
PMCPMC7987546
OpenAlexW3137074046

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.