Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33778186›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2021

Cyclophosphamide loaded thermo-responsive hydrogel system synergize with a hydrogel cancer vaccine to amplify cancer immunotherapy in a prime-boost manner.

Fan Yang, Kun Shi, Ying Hao, Yanpeng Jia, Qingya Liu, Yu Chen, Meng Pan, Liping Yuan, Yongyang Yu, Zhiyong Qian

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Fan YangState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Kun ShiState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Ying HaoState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Yanpeng JiaState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Qingya LiuState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Yu ChenState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Meng PanState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Liping YuanState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Yongyang YuDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Zhiyong QianState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
Sichuan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although neoantigen-based cancer vaccines show great potential in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to induce effective and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity, their development is hindered by the limitations of neoantigens identification, low immunogenicity, and weak immune response. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) not only directly kills tumors but also causes immunogenic cell death, providing a promising source of antigens for cancer vaccines. Herein, a combined immunotherapy strategy based on temperature-sensitive PLEL hydrogel is designed. First, CTX-loaded hydrogel is injected intratumorally into CT26 bearing mice to prime anti-tumor immunity, and then 3 days later, PLEL hydrogels loaded with CpG and tumor lysates are subcutaneously injected into both groins to further promote anti-tumor immune responses. The results confirm that this combined strategy reduces the toxicity of CTX, and produces the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to effectively inhibit tumor growth, prolong survival, and significantly improve the tumor cure rate. Moreover, a long-lasting immune memory response is observed in the mice. About 90% of the cured mice survive for at least 60 days after being re-inoculated with tumors, and the distant tumor growth is also well inhibited. Hence, this PLEL-based combination therapy may provide a promising reference for the clinical promotion of chemotherapy combined with cancer vaccines.

Indexed as

Cancer vaccineCyclophosphamideImmunogenic cell deathImmunotherapyThermo-responsive hydrogels

Identifiers

PMID33778186
PMCPMC7960683
OpenAlexW3144632437

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.