Toxicity of diclofenac sodium salt in Yucatan minipigs

Hyung-Sun Kim, Goo-Hwa Kang, Mi-Jin Yang, Hee-Jeong Ahn, Su-Cheol Han, Jeong Ho Hwang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxicology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Toxicity of diclofenac sodium salt after two weeks of daily intramuscular administration in cynomolgus monkeys.Toxicological research · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hyung-Sun KimAnimal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Goo-Hwa KangAnimal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Mi-Jin YangJeonbuk Pathology Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Hee-Jeong AhnJeonbuk Quality Assurance Unit, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Su-Cheol HanJeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Jeong Ho HwangAnimal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diclofenac sodium salt (DSS) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The present study was performed under good laboratory practice (GLP) regulations to investigate the toxicity of DSS after 4 weeks of repeated intramuscular administration at doses of 0, 2, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day in 32 minipigs and to evaluate the DSS effect following a 2-week recovery period. Dose-related clinical signs and alterations of hematological or clinical chemistry parameters, organ weight, and macroscopic as well as histopathological findings in hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, skin and injection sites were observed in both sexes' animals of the 10 or 20 mg/kg/day group. With the exception of the skin-related findings, most symptoms showed a tendency to resolve after the 2-week recovery period. The systemic exposure (AUC

Indexed as

4-Week repeated toxicityAAALAC, association for assessment and accreditation of laboratory animal careALT, alanine aminotransferaseAP, Alkaline phosphataseAST, aspartate aminotransferaseAUC, area under the concentration-time curveaVF, augmented vector footaVL, augmented vector leftaVR, augmented vector rightBUN, blood urea nitrogenBW, body weightCAS, chemical abstracts serviceCL, clearanceCmax, maximum plasma concentrationCOX, cyclooxygenaseCREA, creatineCRO, contract research organizationCV, coefficients of variationDiclofenac sodium saltDSS, diclofenac sodium saltECG, ElectrocardiogramGI, gastrointestinalGLP, good laboratory practiceHED, human effective doseH&E, hematoxylin and eosinHR, heart rateIACUC, institutional animal care and use committeeMinipigNDA, new drug applicationNOAEL, No-observed-adverse-effect levelsNo-observed-adverse-effect levelNSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsRBC, red blood cellSD, standard deviationTK, toxicokineticsTmax, time to maximum plasma concentrationTP, total proteinWBC, white blood cell

Identifiers

PMID33777702

DOI10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.022

PMCPMC7985715

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.