Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33777664›Full record

ArticlePhilosophy & technology2021

Ethical Issues in Democratizing Digital Phenotypes and Machine Learning in the Next Generation of Digital Health Technologies.

Maurice D Mulvenna, Raymond Bond, Jack Delaney, Fatema Mustansir Dawoodbhoy, Jennifer Boger, Courtney Potts, Robin Turkington

Abstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in Philosophy & technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Towards Human-Centered Digital Health Interventions.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Rethinking Ethics for an Era of Trusted Computational Tools.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Digital transformation of mental health services.Npj mental health research · 2023
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maurice D MulvennaSchool of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1554-0785
Raymond BondSchool of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1078-2232
Jack DelaneyImperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8806-5444
Fatema Mustansir DawoodbhoyImperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7255-688X
Jennifer BogerDepartment of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6150-151X
Courtney PottsSchool of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5621-1611
Robin TurkingtonSchool of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8853-6322

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital phenotyping is the term given to the capturing and use of user log data from health and wellbeing technologies used in apps and cloud-based services. This paper explores ethical issues in making use of digital phenotype data in the arena of digital health interventions. Products and services based on digital wellbeing technologies typically include mobile device apps as well as browser-based apps to a lesser extent, and can include telephony-based services, text-based chatbots, and voice-activated chatbots. Many of these digital products and services are simultaneously available across many channels in order to maximize availability for users. Digital wellbeing technologies offer useful methods for real-time data capture of the interactions of users with the products and services. It is possible to design what data are recorded, how and where it may be stored, and, crucially, how it can be analyzed to reveal individual or collective usage patterns. The paper also examines digital phenotyping workflows, before enumerating the ethical concerns pertaining to different types of digital phenotype data, highlighting ethical considerations for collection, storage, and use of the data. A case study of a digital health app is used to illustrate the ethical issues. The case study explores the issues from a perspective of data prospecting and subsequent machine learning. The ethical use of machine learning and artificial intelligence on digital phenotype data and the broader issues in democratizing machine learning and artificial intelligence for digital phenotype data are then explored in detail.

Indexed as

Digital healthDigital phenotypingEcological momentary assessmentEthicsEvent log analysisExperience sampling methodUnsupervised machine learning

Identifiers

PMID33777664
PMCPMC7981596

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.