ArticleJournal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base2021
Embryology of the Orbit.
Article in Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Infraorbital canal variants and its clinical and surgical implications. A systematic review.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of secondary infero-medial orbital wall decompression after orbital fat decompression in Graves' orbitopathy: A 12-year experience.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Normative data for interorbital distance in a paediatric Caucasian population.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
- The correlations between vertical maxillary asymmetry and orbital volume in Taiwanese adults.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- The Relevance and Potential Role of Orbital Fat in Inflammatory Orbital Diseases: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- New Findings in Prominent Lower Eyelid Fat Pads Possibly Contributing to Their Etiology: Two Prospective Studies.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Has Asymmetry of Bony Orbits: A Retrospective Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- The clinicopathological analysis of ocular and orbit tumors in southeast of China.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The orbit houses and protects the ocular globe and the supporting structures, and occupies a strategic position below the anterior skull base and adjacent to the paranasal sinuses. Its embryologic origins are inextricably intertwined with those of the central nervous system, skull base, and face. Although the orbit contains important contributions from four germ cell layers (surface ectoderm, neuroectoderm, neural crest, and mesoderm), a significant majority originate from the neural crest cells. The bones of the orbit, face, and anterior cranial vault are mostly neural crest in origin. The majority of the bones of the skull base are formed through endochondral ossification, whereas the cranial vault is formed through intramembranous ossification. Familiarity with the embryology and fetal development of the orbit can aid in understanding its anatomy, as well as many developmental anomalies and pathologic conditions that affect the orbit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.