ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Antibodies to Low-Copy Number RBC Alloantigen Convert a Tolerogenic Stimulus to an Immunogenic Stimulus in Mice.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Murine Models of Transfusion-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Analysis of Erythrocyte Membrane Alloantigens.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Acute Incompatible Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Mice.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Anemia and Transfusion in Preclinical Models of Neonatology.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Red Blood Cell Storage and Post-transfusion Recovery.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Expression and Characterization of Blood Group Binding Lectins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Determining the Binding Affinity in Monoclonal Antibody-Alloantigen Interactions.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Examination of Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses to Red Blood Cell Transfusion.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Mouse Model of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- The Immunology of Transfusion Medicine: Past, Present, and Future.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Analysis of Biotinylated Red Blood Cells Following Transfusion.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- IgG2b enhances alloantibodies to stored red blood cells.Transfusion · 2025Article
- A spleen is required for antibody mediated immune enhancement but not for RBC clearance or antigen-modulation in mice.Transfusion · 2025Article
- Research progress in RBC alloimmunization.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CD47 regulates antigen modulation and red blood cell clearance following an incompatible transfusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the potential of red blood cells in immunotherapy.Human immunology · 2024Review
- Complement C3 and marginal zone B cells promote IgG-mediated enhancement of RBC alloimmunization in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Article
- The Development and Consequences of Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization.Annual review of pathology · 2023Review
- ABO blood group antigens and differential glycan expression: Perspective on the evolution of common human enzyme deficiencies.iScience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Red blood cells expressing alloantigens are well known to be capable of inducing robust humoral alloantibody responses both in transfusion and pregnancy. However, the majority of transfusion recipients and pregnant women never make alloantibodies, even after repeat exposure to foreign RBCs. More recently, RBCs have been used as a cellular therapeutic-very much like transfusion, engineered RBCs are highly immunogenic in some cases but not others. In animal models of both transfusion and RBC based therapeutics, RBCs that do not induce an immune response also cause tolerance. Despite a robust phenomenology, the mechanisms of what regulates immunity vs. tolerance to RBCs remains unclear. However, it has been reported that copy number of alloantigens on the RBCs is a critical factor, with a very low copy number causing non-responsiveness (in both humans and mice) and also leading to tolerance in mice. Recently, we reported that an IgG2c specific for an RBC antigen can substantially enhance the humoral immune response upon transfusion of RBCs expressing that antigen. Herein, we report that an IgG2c converts RBCs with low antigen copy number from a tolerogenic to an immunogenic stimulus. These findings report the first known stimulus that induces humoral alloimmunization to a low copy number RBC alloantigen and identify a previously undescribed molecular switch that has the ability to affect responder vs. non-responder phenotypes of transfusion recipients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.