ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
The Complex World of Regulation of Pituitary Growth Hormone Secretion: The Role of Ghrelin, Klotho, and Nesfatins in It.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Neural regulation of bone: from central neural circuits to peripheral innervation of the skeletal stem cell niche.Bone research · 2026Review
- GABA Enhances Growth Hormone Expression by Modulating Somatotroph Pit-1 Transcription via Activation of Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Functional Divergence ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Regular meals matter: bone growth and beyond.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- GHRH and the prostate.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Loss-of-Function GHSR Variants Are Associated With Short Stature and Low IGF-I.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Lipoteichoic Acid Rescued Age-Related Bone Loss by Enhancing Neuroendocrine and Growth Hormone Secretion Through TLR2/COX2/PGE2 Signalling Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Therapeutic strategies to modulate gut microbial health: Approaches for sarcopenia management.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- ALKBH5 Reduces BMP15 mRNA Stability and Regulates Bovine Puberty Initiation Through an m6A-Dependent Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Klotho in pregnancy and intrauterine development-potential clinical implications: a review from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD Working Group.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Review
- Impact of Resistance and Endurance Training on Ghrelin and Plasma Leptin Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Comprehensive Regulation of Somatostatin DNA Vaccine in Goats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A bird's-eye overview of molecular mechanisms regulating feed intake in chickens-with mammalian comparisons.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Review
- Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Involvement of α-klotho in growth hormone (GH) signaling.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Treatment for Non-GHD Disorders: Excitement Tempered by Biology.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- New insights into the role of Klotho in inflammation and fibrosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Does excessive body mass affect the rhGH therapy outcomes in GHD children?Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The classic concept of how pituitary GH is regulated by somatostatin and GHRH has changed in recent years, following the discovery of peripheral hormones involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and mineral homeostasis. These hormones are ghrelin, nesfatins, and klotho. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone, released primarily by the gastric mucosa, although it is widely expressed in many different tissues, including the central nervous system and the pituitary. To be active, ghrelin must bind to an n-octanoyl group (n = 8, generally) on serine 3, forming acyl ghrelin which can then bind and activate a G-protein-coupled receptor leading to phospholipase C activation that induces the formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol that produce an increase in cytosolic calcium that allows the release of GH. In addition to its direct action on somatotrophs, ghrelin co-localizes with GHRH in several neurons, facilitating its release by inhibiting somatostatin, and acts synergistically with GHRH stimulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary GH. Gastric ghrelin production declines with age, as does GH. Klotho is an anti-aging agent, produced mainly in the kidneys, whose soluble circulating form directly induces GH secretion through the activation of ERK1/2 and inhibits the inhibitory effect that IGF-I exerts on GH. Children and adults with untreated GH-deficiency show reduced plasma levels of klotho, but treatment with GH restores them to normal values. Deletions or mutations of the
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.