Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Immunological Characteristics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among COVID-19 Patients.
Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04365634 (A Single-center Retrospective Study to Find Prediction Factors Related to Mortality of COVID-19 Patients by Univariate and Multivariate Analysis.), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single-center Retrospective Study to Find Prediction Factors Related to Mortality of COVID-19 Patients by Univariate and Multivariate Analysis.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clinical features and outcomes of diabetes patients infected with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 192,693 patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients With Diabetes: Narrative Review.JMIR diabetes · 2026Review
- Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Risk of Diabetes and Prediabetes Two Years Post-COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- IL-10- and IL-13-Biased T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Diabetes.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Diabetes and Infectious Diseases with a Focus on Melioidosis.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Herbal-based therapeutics for diabetic patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Increasing HbA1c is associated with reduced CD8Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- The association between plasma free amino acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with infection in Chinese patients.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Memory T Cells Discrepancies in COVID-19 Patients.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Intervention Effects of Physical Activity on Type 2 Diabetic Patients Potentially Infected with COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Assessment of the Immune Response in Patients with Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Diabetes to COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2023Review
- T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection and Comorbidities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Identification and Validation of Immune-Related Genes Diagnostic for Progression of Atherosclerosis and Diabetes.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Increased Rates of Hospitalized Children with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Central Brooklyn during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- ANGPTL4 May Regulate the Crosstalk Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Combined Analysis of Bioinformatics and Rat Models.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Baseline moderate-range albuminuria is associated with protection against severe COVID-19 pneumonia.World journal of diabetes · 2022Article
- Poor prognosis indicators of type-2 diabetic COVID-19 patients.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2022Article
- COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Article
- COVID-19 pandemic: A multidisciplinary perspective on the pathogenesis of a novel coronavirus from infection, immunity and pathological responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of T-cell immunity in COVID-19 severity amongst people living with type II diabetes.The FEBS journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04365634. Context: Diabetes mellitus was associated with increased severity and mortality of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia. So far the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or hyperglycemia on the immune system among COVID-19 disease has remained unclear. Objective: We aim to explore the clinical and immunological features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among COVID-19 patients. Design and Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical and immunological characteristics of 306 hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients (including 129 diabetic and 177 non-diabetic patients) were analyzed. The serum concentrations of laboratory parameters including cytokines and numbers of immune cells were measured and compared between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Results: Compared with non-diabetic group, diabetic cases more frequently had lymphopenia and hyperglycemia, with higher levels of urea nitrogen, myoglobin, D-dimer and ferritin. Diabetic cases indicated the obviously elevated mortality and the higher levels of cytokines IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, as well as the distinctly reduced Th1/Th2 cytokines ratios compared with non-diabetic cases. The longitudinal assays showed that compared to that at week 1, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated at week 2 after admission in non-survivors of diabetic cases, whereas there were greatly reductions from week 1 to week 2 in survivors of diabetic cases. Compared with survival diabetic patients, non-survival diabetic cases displayed distinct higher serum concentrations of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and lower Th1/Th2 cytokines ratios at week 2. Samples from a subset of participants were evaluated by flow cytometry for the immune cells. The counts of peripheral total T lymphocytes, CD4 Conclusion: The elevated cytokines, imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines ratios and reduced of peripheral numbers of CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.