ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2021
Subject-Independent Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Based on Convolutional Neural Networks.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Past, Present, and Future of EEG-Based BCI Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring cognitive load in anatomy education: a study of 3D virtual reality and 2D learning environments using fNIRS.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- DL-QC-fNIRS: a deep learning tool for automated quality control in functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Cortical Representation of Auditory Selective Attention in a Dichotic Listening Task: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Cortical hemodynamic responses and deep learning models of emotional face processing in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: a fNIRS study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for the assessment and treatment of patients with disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- A bimodal deep learning network based on CNN for fine motor imagery.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- [A deep transfer learning approach for cross-subject recognition of mental tasks based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2024Article
- Machines, mathematics, and modules: the potential to provide real-time metrics for pain under anesthesia.Neurophotonics · 2024Article
- On decoding of rapid motor imagery in a diverse population using a high-density NIRS device.Frontiers in neuroergonomics · 2024Article
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Using Convolutional Neural Network with a New Channel Embedding Layer Considering Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetry in Prefrontal Hemodynamic Responses.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Mental workload classification using convolutional neural networks based on fNIRS-derived prefrontal activity.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- System Derived Spatial-Temporal CNN for High-Density fNIRS BCI.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Deep learning in fNIRS: a review.Neurophotonics · 2022Review
- Hemodynamic correlates of fluctuations in neuronal excitability: A simultaneous Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) and functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) study.Neuroimage. Reports · 2022Article
- Training Monitoring in Sports: It Is Time to Embrace Cognitive Demand.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Analyzing Classification Performance of fNIRS-BCI for Gait Rehabilitation Using Deep Neural Networks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- 2020 International brain-computer interface competition: A review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- A novel EEG decoding method for a facial-expression-based BCI system using the combined convolutional neural network and genetic algorithm.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Dynamics of Long-Range Temporal Correlations in Broadband EEG During Different Motor Execution and Imagery Tasks.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has attracted increasing attention in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) owing to their advantages such as non-invasiveness, user safety, affordability, and portability. However, fNIRS signals are highly subject-specific and have low test-retest reliability. Therefore, individual calibration sessions need to be employed before each use of fNIRS-based BCI to achieve a sufficiently high performance for practical BCI applications. In this study, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for implementing a subject-independent fNIRS-based BCI. A total of 18 participants performed the fNIRS-based BCI experiments, where the main goal of the experiments was to distinguish a mental arithmetic task from an idle state task. Leave-one-subject-out cross-validation was employed to evaluate the average classification accuracy of the proposed subject-independent fNIRS-based BCI. As a result, the average classification accuracy of the proposed method was reported to be 71.20 ± 8.74%, which was higher than the threshold accuracy for effective BCI communication (70%) as well as that obtained using conventional shrinkage linear discriminant analysis (65.74 ± 7.68%). To achieve a classification accuracy comparable to that of the proposed subject-independent fNIRS-based BCI, 24 training trials (of approximately 12 min) were necessary for the traditional subject-dependent fNIRS-based BCI. It is expected that our CNN-based approach would reduce the necessity of long-term individual calibration sessions, thereby enhancing the practicality of fNIRS-based BCIs significantly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.