ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2022
Dietary Gluten Intake Is Not Associated With Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in US Adults Without Celiac Disease.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinical and Nutritional Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut microbial metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease: immunological mechanisms regulating Treg/Th17 balance and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dietary Nut and Legume Intake and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of diet on inflammatory bowel disease risk: systematic review, meta-analyses and implications for prevention.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Role of diet in prevention versus treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Frontline gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Dietary Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Dietary Patterns and Gut Microbiota Changes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Insights and Future Challenges.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsDiet is thought to play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), though it is unknown whether gluten intake confers risk of IBD. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gluten intake and risk of incident Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
methodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of 208,280 US participants from the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2016), Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2017), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) who did not have IBD at baseline or celiac disease, and who completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate the risk of IBD according to quintiles of cumulative average energy-adjusted dietary gluten intake over the follow-up period.
resultsWe documented 337 CD cases and 447 UC cases over 5,115,265 person-years of follow-up evaluation. Dietary gluten intake was not associated with risk of IBD. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of gluten intake, the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for participants in the highest quintile of gluten intake were 1.16 (95% CI, 0.82-1.64; P
conclusionsIn 3 large adult US prospective cohorts, gluten intake was not associated with risk of CD or UC. Our findings are reassuring at a time when consumption of gluten has been increasingly perceived as a trigger for chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
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Registered trials
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