ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2021
The Treachery of Images: How Realism Influences Brain and Behavior.
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding Indicate Altered Processing but Comparable Subsequent Memory Effects Across Virtual Reality and Desktop-Based Conditions.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- The length of a piece of string: Where the whole is more than the sum of its constituent parts.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Large-scale functional overlap between dorsal and ventral object-responsive networks.Research square · 2026Article
- Exploiting prior knowledge in continuous decision-making under uncertainty: the case of tennis experts.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Rethinking category-selectivity in human visual cortex.Cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Decoding real-world visual scenes from alpha and gamma band flicker evoked oscillations in human EEG.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Working memory load and search efficiency in conventional monitor-based 2D versus 3D virtual settings: analysis of response times and parietal induced alpha activity in a modified Sternberg task.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Contributions of Distinct Attention Mechanisms to Saccadic Choices in a Gamified, Dynamic Environment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Tablet-Based Assessment of Picture Naming in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease: An Accessible and Effective Tool for Distinguishing Mild Cognitive Impairment from Normal Aging.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2026Article
- Semantic Modulation of Spatial Judgments in Augmented Reality: Evidence from fNIRS.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Brief Encounters with Real Objects Modulate the Medial Parietal But Not Occipitotemporal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy reveals task-induced emotions by measuring cerebral blood oxygenation changes in the frontal pole during creative activity using a real object.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- A comparison of pointing movement kinematics between virtual and physical environments.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Difference thresholds in 3D space depend on perceived size, not depth.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Contributions of distinct attention mechanisms to saccadic choices in a gamified, dynamic environment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Binocular cues to 3D face structure increase activation in depth-selective visual cortex with negligible effects in face-selective areas.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of early visual processes across presentation modalities: The event-related potential evoked by real-life, virtual reality, and planar objects.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Object representations in human ventral and dorsal cortex depend on display format and physical distance.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- How a lack of haptic feedback affects eye-hand coordination and embodiment in virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interpretation of AI-Generated vs. Human-Made Images.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although the cognitive sciences aim to ultimately understand behavior and brain function in the real world, for historical and practical reasons, the field has relied heavily on artificial stimuli, typically pictures. We review a growing body of evidence that both behavior and brain function differ between image proxies and real, tangible objects. We also propose a new framework for immersive neuroscience to combine two approaches: (i) the traditional build-up approach of gradually combining simplified stimuli, tasks, and processes; and (ii) a newer tear-down approach that begins with reality and compelling simulations such as virtual reality to determine which elements critically affect behavior and brain processing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.