SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Association of Cycling with Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ultra-processed foods and risk of all-cause mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Health Benefits of Different Sports: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies Including 2.6 Million Adult Participants.Sports medicine - open · 2024Pooled it
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Safer cycling in older age (SiFAr): effects of a multi-component cycle training. a randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2023Trial
- A 9-year longitudinal investigation into physiological aging in highly active older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Hobby engagement, disability transitions, and life expectancy: a multinational longitudinal study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Associations between leaderboard usage in physical activity apps and perceived stress among university students: the roles of social comparison and physical activity.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Physical activity types, variety, and mortality: results from two prospective cohort studies.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Hobby engagement and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk among people aged 50 years and older in 19 countries.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- The impacts of physical activity on domain-specific short video usage behaviors among university students.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Global burden of disease from cyclist road injuries in youth and young adults aged 15-39 years, 1990-2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The untapped health and climate potential of cycling in France: a national assessment from individual travel data.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Don't Ask Us to Stop Cycling: A Surgical Perspective.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2024Article
- The Effect of Velocity Loss on Strength Development and Related Training Efficiency: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling - experiences from 10 years of application of a health impact assessment tool in policy and practice.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Benefits, risks, barriers, and facilitators to cycling: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Review
- Assessing the Health Benefits of Physical Activity Due to Active Commuting in a French Energy Transition Scenario.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCycling has been suggested to be related to risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. However, a quantitative comprehensive assessment of the dose-response association of cycling with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality has not been reported. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies assessing the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with cycling.
methodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles published up to December 13, 2019. Random-effects models were used to estimate the summary relative risk (RR) of all-cause and CVD mortality with cycling. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the dose-response association.
resultsWe included 9 articles (17 studies) with 478,847 participants and 27,860 cases (22,415 from all-cause mortality and 5445 from CVD mortality) in the meta-analysis. Risk of all-cause mortality was reduced 23% with the highest versus lowest cycling level [RR 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.88], and CVD mortality was reduced 24% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89). We found a linear association between cycling and all-cause mortality (P
conclusionsOur findings based on quantitative data suggest that any level of cycling is better than none for all-cause mortality. However, for CVD mortality, one must choose an appropriate level of cycling, with an approximate optimum of 15 MET-h/week (equal to 130 min/week at 6.8 MET).
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.