ArticleClinical oral investigations2021
Effects of charcoal-based whitening toothpastes on human enamel in terms of color, surface roughness, and microhardness: an in vitro study.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of whitening toothpaste on surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.F1000Research · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of bleaching agents containing nano-hydroxyapatite on sound and demineralized enamel: an in vitro study.Odontology · 2026Article
- Effects of Overnight Whitening Pens on Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration, Color Change, and Enamel Surface Properties.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- A chlorine releasing solution as an alternative for dental biofilm control.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of different whitening toothpastes on the color and surface properties of resin composites after staining.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Elemental and Morphological Mapping of Enamel Surface to Predict the Potential Impact of Charcoal-Based Dentifrices.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Zirconium particles in toothpaste: a novel approach to whitening and its impact on enamel wear.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- In Vitro Comparison of Three Chairside Bleaching Protocols: Effects on Enamel Microhardness, Colour, and Qualitative Cytotoxicity Risk.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth Enamel Abrasion and Roughness Using Toothpaste with and Without Activated Charcoal: An SEM Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Toothpastes and Color Correctors on the Surface Integrity of Demineralized Human Enamel.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Effect of charcoal-based dentifrices on the surface integrity and gloss of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Effects of different charcoal-containing whitening toothpastes on color and surface roughness of a supra-nanofilled composite resin.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Charcoal whitening agents and composite resin: investigating color change and surface roughness.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal Toothpaste vs. 6% Hydrogen Peroxide Whitening Pen-An In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- The Impact of Toothbrushing on Oral Health, Gingival Recession, and Tooth Wear-A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Which Whitening Mouthwash With Different Ingredients Is More Effective on Color and Bond Strength of Enamel?Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Article
- Can charcoal-based dentifrices change the color stability and roughness of bleached tooth enamel and resin composites?Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Surface properties and susceptibility to staining of a resin composite after brushing with different whitening toothpastes.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2025Article
- Effect of antacid gastric syrups on surface properties of dental restorative materials: an in vitro analysis of roughness and microhardness.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCharcoal based oral care products have gained popularity in the last few years. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of different charcoal based whitening toothpastes on color, surface roughness and microhardness of human enamel. MATERIALS AND
methodsForty-eight specimens obtained from human permanent upper incisor teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=12):Group-1:Colgate Total 12(CT); Group-2:Body Kingdom(BK); Group-3:Black is White(BW), Group-4:Colgate optic white(COW). Following 4 days cycle of darkening(2-min chlorhexidine and 60-min black tea per day), a 12- week brushing(twice daily for 1 min)was performed. Color of specimens was measured using a spectrophotometer. A contact type profilometer was used to measure surface roughness (Ra) and Vicker's hardness tester was used for the changes in microhardness(VHN). A representative sample from each group was visualized by SEM. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA, Welch, Fisher's, Kruskall-Wallis, Wilcoxon Sign Rank and Paired t-tests(p<0.05).
resultsAfter 12- week brushing, no differences were found among the groups in terms of color change(p=0.989). All toothpastes tested showed no clinically acceptable whitening performances. A substantial increase in surface roughness was found in all groups, except BW(p<0.05). An increase was found in microhardness with CT(p=0.013), while no changes were found with BK, BW and COW(p>0.05).Only few scratches were observed on the enamel surfaces by SEM evaluations.
conclusionTwelve week brushing with charcoal based whitening toothpastes and a regular fluoridated toothpaste presented similar effects in color of enamel. Surface roughness was increased(except BW) while microhardness was not affected(except CT) with charcoal based whitening toothpastes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Charcoal based whitening toothpastes do not promise to whiten the human permanent teeth and their effects on enamel abrasion should not be disregarded.
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