Trial reportPsychopharmacology2021
Do proinflammatory cytokines play a role in clozapine-associated glycometabolism disorders?
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical hallmarks and peripheral immune factors associated with antipsychotic-induced constipation in schizophrenia.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The associations of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-related indicators with psychopathology and BDNF in patients with chronic schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Pathogenesis Biomarkers for Clozapine-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Shared and unique therapeutic targets of KarXT and clozapine for schizophrenia treatment revealed by network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses: Implications for differential clinical responses.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Lights and shadows of clozapine on the immune system in schizophrenia: a narrative literature review.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Analysis of clinical studies on clozapine from 2012-2022.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Review
- Sex differences in the association between metabolic disorder and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the association of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and serum interleukin-6 levels.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are elevated in female patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE AND
objectiveClozapine (CLZ) is the most effective drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but is associated with many side effects, including glycometabolism disorders. Immunological mechanisms may be involved in the development of clozapine side effects. Research relating the immunomodulatory effects of clozapine and its early markers to clinically relevant adverse events is needed to reduce the harmful side effects of clozapine. This study aimed to investigate the role of proinflammatory cytokines in clozapine-associated glycometabolism disorders.
methodsWe measured the effect of a range of doses of clozapine on glycometabolism-related parameters and proinflammatory cytokines levels in mice peripheral blood. We also examined the differences between these indicators in the peripheral blood of clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, we detected proinflammatory cytokines expression in mice pancreatic tissue.
resultsFollowing clozapine administration, glucagon significantly decreased in mouse serum, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-β levels markedly increased. Clozapine reliably increased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression in murine pancreatic tissue. Compared with healthy controls, clozapine-treated patients' BMI, blood glucose, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) increased significantly. In clozapine-treated patients, a higher clozapine daily dosage was associated with higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and a significant positive correlation was observed between blood glucose levels and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.
conclusionFindings from animal experiments and clinical trials have shown clear evidence that clozapine has a regulatory effect on immune-related proinflammatory cytokines and influences glycometabolism indicators.
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