ArticleThe Science of the total environment2021
Can use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19 affect aquatic wildlife? A study conducted with neotropical tadpole.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Composite of Babassu Starch, Carbon Black, and Cobalt Phthalocyanine for the Detection of Hydroxychloroquine.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Evidence of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Pharmaceutical-Induced Toxicity in Amphibians.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Implications of COVID-19 pandemic on environmental compartments: Is plastic pollution a major issue?Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2022Review
- Hydroxychloroquine Adsorption in Aqueous Medium Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite.Water, air, and soil pollution · 2022Article
- Environmental impacts of COVID-19 treatment: Toxicological evaluation of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in adult zebrafish.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Novel plantain peel activated carbon-supported zinc oxide nanocomposites (PPAC-ZnO-NC) for adsorption of chloroquine synthetic pharmaceutical used for COVID-19 treatment.Biomass conversion and biorefinery · 2021Article
- A critical review on environmental presence of pharmaceutical drugs tested for the covid-19 treatment.Process safety and environmental protection : transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-12-16Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown · Compromised Peer Review · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · date of retraction unknown, html page overwrite, date estimated from notifications; separate retraction notice published later;
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The impacts on human health and the economic and social disruption caused by the pandemic COVID-19 have been devastating. However, its environmental consequences are poorly understood. Thus, to assess whether COVID-19 therapy based on the use of azithromycin (AZT) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) during the pandemic affects wild aquatic life, we exposed (for 72 h) neotropical tadpoles of the species Physalaemus cuvieri to the water containing these drugs to 12.5 μg/L. We observed that the increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase in tadpoles exposed to AZT (alone or in combination with HCQ) was predominant to keep the production of NO, ROS, TBARS and H
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.