ArticleArthritis research & therapy2021
Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio associates with hypertension and current disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sodium and potassium intake in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of clinical studies with implications for disease-related outcomes.Rheumatology international · 2026Pooled it
- Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Sodium, potassium intake and urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio in rheumatoid arthritis: association with markers of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease-related parameters.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Salt Behind the Scenes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases.Cell proliferation · 2022Review
- Interplay of Environmental, Individual and Genetic Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Provocation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis: From pathogenesis to novel therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Serum vitamin D status inversely associates with a prevalence of severe sarcopenia among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Comment on "Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio associates with hypertension and current disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study": authors' reply.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
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19 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundExcessive salt intake is thought to exacerbate both development of hypertension and autoimmune diseases in animal models, but the clinical impact of excessive salt in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is still unknown. We performed a cross-sectional study to clarify the associations between salt load index (urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na/K ratio)), current disease activity, and hypertension in an RA population.
methodsThree hundred thirty-six participants from our cohort database (KURAMA) were enrolled. We used the spot urine Na/K ratio as a simplified index of salt loading and used the 28-Joint RA Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR) as an indicator of current RA disease activity. Using these indicators, we evaluated statistical associations between urinary Na/K ratio, DAS28-ESR, and prevalence of hypertension.
resultsUrinary Na/K ratio was positively associated with measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure and also with prevalence of hypertension even after covariate adjustment (OR 1.34, p < 0.001). In addition, increased urinary Na/K ratio was significantly and positively correlated with DAS28-ESR in multiple regression analysis (estimate 0.12, p < 0.001), as was also the case in gender-separated and prednisolone-separated sub-analyses.
conclusionUrinary Na/K ratio was independently associated with current disease activity as well as with prevalence of hypertension in RA patients. Thus, dietary modifications such as salt restriction and potassium supplementation should be investigated as a potential candidate for attenuating both disease activity and hypertension in RA patients.
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