SynthesisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2021
Out-of-Pocket, Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Distress Financing on Non-Communicable Diseases in India: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of the World's Largest Government Sponsored Health Insurance Scheme for 500 Million Beneficiaries in India: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Pooled it
- The Economic Cost of Rising Non-communicable Diseases in India: A Systematic Literature Review of Methods and Estimates.Applied health economics and health policy · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Financial protection and healthcare utilization for low-income populations under China's multi-tiered health financing system: a cross-sectional study in an Eastern city.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Article
- Vaccinating girls, abandoning women: the financing asymmetry between HPV immunization and the cervical cancer treatment cascade in low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Time toxicity during palliative chemotherapy for advanced malignancies: a prospective study.BMJ supportive & palliative care · 2025Observational
- Article
- Machine learning based classification of catastrophic health expenditures: a cross-sectional study of Korean low-income households.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Challenges and opportunities to address the emerging burden of targeted therapies in ovarian cancer.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Review
- Who pays for surgical care in the global south? A narrative review.PLOS global public health · 2025Review
- Out-of-pocket and indirect expenditure of spina bifida and hydrocephalus patients admitted for inpatient treatment and follow-up at two university-affiliated hospitals in Ethiopia.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Female cancer screening in India: Results from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) and the way forward.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Addressing the affordability gap of novel cancer treatments in developing countries.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Financial toxicity in cancer palliative care in India: Addressing existence and beyond - Seeking remedies for a balanced financial journey.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- Achieving health equity through healthcare technology: Perspective from India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Review
- An assessment of childhood cancer care services in India - gaps, challenges and the way forward.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
- Financial toxicity of cancer treatment in India: towards closing the cancer care gap.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The impact of access to financial services on mitigating COVID-19 mortality globally.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Ribociclib and Palbociclib in the Second-Line Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Indian Women.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this systematic review is to determine pooled estimates of out-of-pocket (OOPE) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), correlates of CHE, and most common modes of distress financing on the treatment of selected non-communicable disease (cancer) among adults in India.
methodsPubMed, Scopus and Embase were searched for eligible studies using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted and pooled estimates using random effects model of meta-analysis were determined for different types of costs. Forest plots were created and heterogeneity among studies was checked.
resultsThe pooled estimate of direct OOPE on inpatient and outpatient cancer care were 83396.07 INR (4405.96 USD) (95% CI = 44591.05-122202.0) and 2653.12 (140.17 USD) INR (95% CI = -251.28-5557.53), respectively, total direct OOPE was 47138.95 INR (2490.43 USD) (95% CI = 37589.43-56690.74), indirect OOPE was 11908.50 INR (629.15 USD) (95% CI=-5909.33-29726.31) and proportion of individuals facing CHE was 62.7%. However, high heterogeneity was observed among the studies. Savings, income, borrowing money and sale of assets were the most common modes of distress financing for cancer treatment.
conclusionIncome- and treatment-related cancer policies are needed to address the evidently high and unaffordable cancer treatment cost. Economic studies are needed for estimating all types of costs using standardised definitions and tools for precise estimates. Robust cancer database/registries and programs focusing on affordable cancer care can reduce the economic burden and prevent impoverishment.
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