SynthesisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2021
Opium Usage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The carcinogenicity of opium consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Investigation of Recurrence Rate and Associated Risk Factors of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Undergoing Transoral Laser Microsurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Association of HPV in the Genesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in a Bulgarian Cohort.Cancers · 2025Article
- Association between opioids use and risk of multiple cancers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors: State of the Art.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Opium alkaloids, biosynthesis, pharmacology and association with cancer occurrence.Open biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOpium is among the most used substance of abuse worldwide. More than 50 million opium users are there worldwide, majority of whom are in Asia. Opium usage have been reported to be associated with cancer. This study aimed to find the association between opium use or abuse and head and neck cancer.
methodsA systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar database for studies published from inception till 1st November 2019. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, did quality assessment, and extracted data in standardized data extraction form. Pooled estimate of OR for risk of head and neck cancer was calculated using random effects model using the method of DerSimonian and Laird, with the estimate of heterogeneity being taken from the inverse-variance model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020156049).
resultsFourteen studies were included in data synthesis (11 case control studies and 3 cohort studies). Eleven case control studies were included in synthesizing the results for meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratio for risk of cancer among opium users for the 11-case control study was 3.85 (2.18-6.79). Heterogeneity was high (I-squared=92.0%, Tau-squared=0.88). There was no publication bias in the study. Subgroup analysis showed highest OR for pooled estimate for risk of laryngeal cancer (19.98 (11.04-36.15)).
conclusionThere was almost four-fold rise in risk of head and neck cancer among opium users compared to non-users.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.