ArticleCell2021
Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 288 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
288 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 405 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Structural serology of polyclonal antibody responses to mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines.Cell reports · 2025Trial
- Patient and donor antibody profiles in early COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy in the COnV-ert trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Identification of Two Competition-Defined Neutralizing Antibody Groups Targeting the HHV-6B gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 Complex Independent of CD134 Binding.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Fc-engineered antibodies enhance protection against SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and inflammation.mBio · 2026Article
- A visible assay for evaluating the inhibitory activity of drug and antibody against HBV infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Building better antibody responses: The interplay of infection, vaccination, and immune imprinting.PNAS nexus · 2026Review
- Transition from infectivity and immune escape to pure escape as an evolutionary strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 variant-induced NTD-targeting antibody enhances viral infection via a distinctive binding mode.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A neutralizing antibody protects Kunming mice against AKAV lethal challenge.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Fc Functions and Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies: A Perspective.Current HIV research · 2026Article
- Potent neutralization by antibodies targeting the MPXV A28 protein.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Optimization of VE607 to generate analogs with improved neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- FcγRIIIa is a noncanonical costimulatory molecule for CD8 T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: structure, viral entry and variants.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Intrinsic immunogenicity is a major determinant of type-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 infections.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Single-chain antibody gene therapy strategy based on high-throughput screening triggers sustained antiviral activity in the body.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting persists on RBD but not NTD after sequential Omicron infections.iScience · 2025Article
228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 recognize the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and block virus interactions with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We describe a panel of human mAbs binding to diverse epitopes on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors and found a minority of these possessed neutralizing activity. Two mAbs (COV2-2676 and COV2-2489) inhibited infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant VSV/SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We mapped their binding epitopes by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and selection of functional SARS-CoV-2 S neutralization escape variants. Mechanistic studies showed that these antibodies neutralize in part by inhibiting a post-attachment step in the infection cycle. COV2-2676 and COV2-2489 offered protection either as prophylaxis or therapy, and Fc effector functions were required for optimal protection. Thus, natural infection induces a subset of potent NTD-specific mAbs that leverage neutralizing and Fc-mediated activities to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple functional attributes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.